Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga: A short anthropological description on a Late Roman Period population at Herculia (Tác-Margittelep). p. 21–35. t. XVIII–XXII.
often evened out between sections: when six lumbar vertebra are counted, the sacrum often consists of four segments or vice versa. However, the sacralization of the caudal vertebrae plays no role in this process. In addition to the previously mentioned anomalies, the presence of cervical ribs occurred in a man and a woman. The 1st and 2nd ribs were fused in the case of a woman and two children. Sexual dimorphism The masculinity of males is strongly manifested on both the skull and the post-cranial skeleton. Of the examined 22 traits, the os zygomaticum (+1.18), the angulus mandibulae (+1.01) and the caput femoris (+1.24) appear to be most masculine in character. Masculinity is least expressed in the margo supraorbitale (+0.33) and on the sacrum (+0.32). The femininity of females is poorly manifested on the skull but better expressed on the post-cranial skeleton. Of the 22 traits analyzed, angulus subpubicus (-1.09), cotyloischiadic index (-1.20) and caput femoris (-1.23) may be considered most feminine. The appearances of corpus mandibulae (+0.11), angulus mandibulae (+0.15) and linea aspera (+0.15) were found to be the least useful markers of femininity. Sexual dimorphism in the Tác population is most expressed on the glabellar region (+0.83 / -0.81), on the angulus subpubicus (+0.87 / -1.09), on the incisura ischiadica major (+0.90 / - 0.78), on the ischio-pubis index (+0.81 / -0.94) and on the caput femoris (+1.24 / -1.23). Metric and morphological characteristics Statistical parameters of the skull are summarized in Tables 4-5, statistical parameters of the post-cranial skeleton are listed in Table 6. The distribution of cranial length-breath index, the classes of body heights are presented in Tables 7-8. The standard deviation of cranial measurements among the males is slightly higher than usual, while the same parameters for female skulls may be considered average. In spite of this, no significant difference was observed between size and shape of the male and female skulls aside from the natural manifestation of sexual dimorphism. According to the measurements, their brain case was long, medium broad and medium high. Dolichocranic skull form is predominant in both sexes (54.6 / 4.8 %), brachycranians are more common between men (13.6 / 2.9 %). Looking from above, male skulls are of an ovoid form, while their occipital aspect is house-shaped. In the case of females the same two views of the skull are pentagonorhomboid and bomb-shaped respectively. The frontal part is slightly slanted backward, the occiput has a curved character. Sutura metopica (12.1 and 6.6%) occurs more commonly in males, while os epiptericum (9.8 and 16.7%), was found more frequently among females. Their facial skeleton is medium broad and high, orbitae are medium wide or broad and medium high, the nose is medium broad and medium high. The maxilla is medium broad and medium long, the fossa canina is deep, no torus palatínus was observed and alveolar prognathia seems to be uncommon. Their mandible is broad and medium high. On the basis of cranial characteristics the Tác population may be assigned to the Europoid great race. Only one male and one female displayed occasional Mongoloid traits. The overwhelming majority of the population was characterized by attributes of the longheaded Nordoid and Mediterranoid taxonomic entity with the occasional manifestation of Cromagnoid traits. The statures of both sexes, on the basis of mean values, may be considered about average. However, among men tall and very tall stature occurs most frequently, on the other hand, most women could be classified within the mediumtall category. Comparative examinations In order to judge the place of the Tác people in the Late Roman (III-Vth с AD) and Avar Period (VI-VIIIth с AD) population of Eastern Transdanubia, generalized Penrosedistances (C p ) were calculated between three samples, namely Tác and the pooled Late Roman and Avar Period ones. The Late Roman Period sample consisted of the Baranya County small samples (Wenger 1968a and Tóth 1962), Csákvár (Nemeskéri 1956), Dunaújváros/Intercisa (Nemeskéri 1954), Majs (Éry 1968), Pécs (Éry 1973), Pilismarót - Öregek dűlő (Pap 1982), Solymár (Zoffmann 1991), Szőny/Brigetio (Nemeskéri 1956, Éry 1999), TácMargittelep (Éry 2000) and Tokod (Éry 1981) data. The Avar period sample consisted of Balatonfűzfő - Szalmássy telep (Éry 1994), Csákberény (Éry, Alba Regia XXX, 2001), Előszállás (Wenger 1966), Kékesd (Wenger 1968b), Pécs-Nagyárpád (Szálai 1995), Solymár (Ferencz 1982-83), Szebény (Tóth 1961) and Szekszárd-Palánk (Lipták 1974) data. Generalised Penrose distances (C p 2 ) of the examined three samples, calculated on 10 cranial mean values (Martin 1, 8, 9, 17, 40, 45, 48, 51, 52, 54), are presented on Table 9. The results are impressive: all of the distance values are under the 99 % significance level (C p 0.197) that means all of the series are near to each other, so there is no marked 24
