Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 26. 1989-1992 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1997)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bartosiewicz László: A Székesfehérvár Bestriary: Animal Bones from the Excavations of the medieval City Wall. p. 133–167.

factual assemblage that yielded animal bones. As such, it contained at least a few articulated bones as well as a number of particularly interesting faunal remains. Cattle bones not only included four measurable bones from the same individual but also complete extremity bones for additional size reconstruction {Table XI). Although identifiable sheep remains from this pit were fewer than in either of the provenances of the previously described Ady Endre street locations, the total number of Caprine remains shows the expected rise caused by the decline in pork consumption during the Turkish Period. However, no remains of goat could be unambiguously identified in this set of animal bones {Table XII). Animal remains from the remainder of the species in this part of the material offer valuable information in and of themselves. The small number of pig bones itself speaks for Islamic dietary restrictions. Four dog calvaria, one of them together with long bones of the proximal extremity segments, contributed valuable information on late medieval dogs. A single bone from the other domestic Carnivore, cat, also accurred in the material {Table XIII). A variety of bird bones also came to light from this garbage pit. Although domestic hen was only represented by one femur, additional remains of domestic geese further emphasize the importance in the Turkish Period of this latter animal. A turkey sternum found here is among the most interesting pieces {Table XIV). Last but not least, remains of a crane raised numerous questions concerning the possible way this bird may have been exploited during the Turkish occupation of Székesfehérvár {Table XV). Additional mixed materials from two other provenances of this site represented early and late medieval times respectively. Although these animal bones could not be precisely assigned to either of the periods under discussion here, and as such, were not tabulated for the purposes of detailed analyses, they are briefly summarized here for the sake of complete documentation. The first set from this mixed faunal material was brought to light in Trench 6 at Jókai street and was made up by the fill of what used to be the city's fortification ditch. It contained twenty-five cattle bones and fragments from horse. Sheep was represented by two bones, one of which is the top part of a neurocranium, probably removed during the extraction of the animal's brain {PI. V.). Two additional Caprine bones did not lend themselves to identification beyond the sub-family level. A diaphysis fragment from a large dog tibia was found in the same trench. This latter bone, together with the skeletal elements of horse, suggests that the fortification ditch served as a disposal area for general refuse, and not only for leftovers from everyday cooking. The other mixed assemblage of animal bones at this location originates from Trench 8. Deposits along the eastern side of the wall have been disturbed by drainage works, so that no chronological identification of the bone material was possible. Similarly to the set of animal remains discussed previously, however, a limited functional interpretation of this mixed material is possible. The general character of the midden deposited at this provenance is again shown by a horse metacarpus which was found in association with sixteen cattle bones. Additional remains included a fragmentary sheep horn core, two juvenile Caprine bones and the mandibula of a juvenile pig. The third location is Koch László street, with material mostly dating up to the end of the 15th century and a small sample of bones from a provenance with mixed stratigraphy. Although the number of cattle bones is almost the highest in the KL/1 sample of the whole material, skeletal elements dominate in terms of the fragment raw counts {Table XVI). Caprine bones make up a relatively large proportion of the faunal assemblage at this provenance as well. They include a fragmented frontal bone with the horn cores cut off, that belonged to an adult sheep. Other sheep bones represent body regions with lower quality meat, although the rest of the material, which could only be identified as sheep or goat alternately, represents better meat bearing parts of the skeleton {Table XVII). Horse bones from the dominant part of this assemblage, although they mostly belong to the hind legs of two individuals, that is, they seem to be articulated bones of the same skeletons {Table XVIII). Remains of other animals include six pig bones, two of which come from neonatal piglets. Part of the dog remains also represent a juvenile and a subadult individual. The second red deer bone from the entire sample also came to light at KL/1 {Table XIX). The last subset of bones discussed in this study was found in Trench 15 at KL/2. It contains only seven pieces from cattle, sheep and domestic hen respectively {Table XX). The Koch László street site also contained a small set of eight bones found in the mixed rubble of the so-called Italian Bastion These remains came to light from Trench 16, but could not be dated unambiguously. They include twoo cattle and five Caprine bones in addition to the promixal end of a goose ulna. DISCUSSION Following the sequential description of the provenances available for study, the material will be discussed by species in light of the relevant information intended to complement the scarcity of actual data. Thus, analysis of the material will chiefly concentrate on the interpretation of individual bone finds and their relation ot the wider data context offered by the literature. Table XXI. is a summary of the material divided into the Middle Ages and Turkish Periods. The figures are 135