Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 20. 1980 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1983)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Comparative statistical studies on the physical anthropology of the Carpathian basin population between the 6–12th centuries A. D. p. 89–141.

Fig. 1: Sites outside the Carpathian Basin which provided samples utilized in this study (according to the sequence numbers of Table 1) and relative metric similarity characteristic of subcluster 1/a is a good example of the difficulties encountered when a correspondence is sought between ethnic identity and physical traits. The composition of smaller groups within the subcluster casts light on the problem that similar physical characteristics are not necessarily associated with the same ethnic group. On the other hand, members of an ethnically similar population cannot always be unambiguously assigned to the same metric category. Subcluster 1 J b. The most diagnostic feature of this subcluster when compared to subcluster 1/a is a relatively lower facial skeleton. The distribution of sites associated with this subcluster is restricted to a smaller area within the decidious forest steppe belt and the northern forested parkland area between the Carpathian Basin and the Kama river region. This subcluster includes three "eastern Finnic" and four "eastern Slavic" series, two series from the Chernakhovian culture, three Avar Period series from the Carpathian Basin (13.6%), one series from the 9th century A. D.(100.0 %), one from the Period of the Hungarian Conquest (25.0%) and two series from the Árpád Period (11.1%). Subcluster 1/c. In comparison with those of the previous two subclusters, these skulls are characterized by somewhat longer and higher brain case and a wider and higher facial skeleton. With the exception of two sites this form was found east of the Dnepr river. This is why subcluster 1/c may be regarded as an "eastern" dolichocranic group when compared to the cranial form represented by "western" subcluster 1/a. This subcluster has only one Carpathian Basin sample from the Avar Period (4.5 %). Cluster 2 The next largest group within the material included 32 percent of all series. This cluster is dominated by Europoid characteristics with a slight sub-br achy crania (Table 6). The sites which contributed material for cluster 2 are located in the steppe region extending between the eastern part of Middle Asia and the Dnepr river. No such sites are known however, between the Dnepr river and Eastern Carpathians although some of them are located within the Carpathian Basin. One site in Western Europe yielded similarly shaped skulls as well (Figure 5). Two subclusters may be distinguished. Subcluster 2 I a. Sites falling within this group are spread all over the area represented by cluster 2 as a whole. This cranial formation probably coincided with various ethnic groups. The majority of "Saka" and "Sarmatian " samples however, do not fit this picture. Subcluster 2/a includes the following proportions from various samples of the Carpathian Basin: five series from the Avar Period (22.7 %), three series from the Period of the Hungarian Conquest (75.0 %) and four series from the Árpád Period (22.7%). Here the great proportion of 92