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Fig. 40: Distribution areas of the Avar Period regional groups B) The results of the previous series of examinations already highlighted the regional distribution of craniologically related groups within the Carpathian Basin. This pattern may be interpreted in light of the abovementioned ecological and geographical considerations. In the next investigatory step smaller populations from those areas were studied which provided representative samples as shown by publications. The majority of these small samples supported the conclusions and reflected the characteristics of the larger samples. These similarities allowed grouping of samples into four regions. The regions established are as follows: area between the Danube and Tisza rivers, Eastern Transdanubia, Western Transdanubia and Northwestern region of the Carpathian Basin. This abstraction was possible even in spite of minor deviations within each region. Unfortunately, the rest of the Carpathian Basin (for example the vast territory east of the Tisza river) could not be included in this examination, due to the morphometric differences and great geographical distances between the few samples known from this region. The locations of the four regional groups are shown in Figure 40. The dashed line on this map marks the distribution area of a Late Roman Period group in Eastern Transdanubia. This is the only known représentant of the Carpathian Basin's population previous to the Avar Period in sufficient number. The four regional groups may be characterized as shown in Table 8. Area between the Danube and Tisza rivers This assemblage is represented by the largest (15) number of samples. These samples are as follows: No. 76,77,79, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89,94, 95,1, IV, VII, X. Although quite a few sites in this region contained small populations dominated by Mongoloid individuals (Madaras Kunszállás, Kiskőrös-Vágóhíd, Budapest-Népstadion, Tatárszentgyörgy etc.) the majority of this population was characterized by Europoid dominance. The cranium may be summarized as follows: medium long, medium wide and low brain case (mesocran, chamaecrart, tapeinocran, metriometop ), medium wide and high face, (mesen), narrow and low orbits (mesoconch), medium wide nose. Among the four regional Avar Period groups, the ones from this region have the shortest and widest brain case which is, in addition the lowest. Eastern Transdanubia The following five samples are representative of this population: No. 82, 90, II, III, IX. No significant Mongoloid population is known from Eastern Transdanubia to date. This group is practically all Europoid. 103
