Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 16. 1975 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1978)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Zoffmann Zsuzsanna, K.: Excavations at Bicske. II, 1960. Anthropological Finds from the Neolithic Cemetery. p. 61–69.
the gracile Mediterranean, while the other to the Cromagnon type. The population of the Transdanubian Linear Culture is anthropologically almost unknown (the earlier characterization of this population was done on the basis of the Bicske-Galagonyás material erronoeusly dated to this culture)( 18 ). A male skeleton from Balatonendréd was determined by J. Nemeskér i( 19 ) as a tall statured protonordic, however, according to the courteous oral information of N. К a 1 i с z , the archaeological dating of the grave is uncertain. — This same population of the Linear Culture, lived also in the Early Neolithic in Burgenland, Low-Austria and the neighbouring Slovakia, and from these territories anthropological material is known already. The few Low-Austrian and Burgenlandian finds belong to the leptodolichomorph type( 20 ). V. Lebzelter — G. Zimmermann ( 21 ) found the skeletons from Kleinhadersdorf to be a mixture of the Brno and Nordic type, while the skeleton of Pöttsching is also Nordic( 22 ). The Slovakian material consists of some smaller finds a greater cemetery with 76 graves at Nitra-H. Krskany (Linear Culture — Notenkopf Group). In compliance with the preliminary communication! 23 ) the series is of fair variability ; beyond the small-medium statured Mediterranean dominance (gracile and robust Mediterranean types), specific Cromagnon elements are also present. The appearance of this last type distinguishes somewhat the Slovakian finds from the Austrian material belonging to the same culture, however — on account of its small number — it is questionable if this variance of general value is. If so, then the local discrepancy is likely to be attributable to the autochton populations living there before the Neolithic. Thus the Cromagnon type found in Bicske-Galagonyás does not stand alone in this territory in the Early and Middle Neolithic period, and the fact that it was also seen in the site of Hrtkovci-Gomolova Hrtkovci-Gomolava( Jugoslawien) . IWM XXI —XXII, 1972/73, 167—173. On the site of Hrtkovci-Gomolava in 1975 started an excavation of a cemetery consisting more graves dated in the late period of the Vinca-Plocnik culture. The anthropological studies on the material ran parallel to the excavation. On account of the first graves the series of Gomolava and Bicske show taxonomically little similarities. (18) J. NEMESKÉRI, О. С. (19) ID., Anthropologische Übersicht des Volkes der Pécéler Kultur, in: J. BANNER, Die Péceler Kultur. AHung, XXXV, 1956, 295—314. (20) J. JUNGWIRTH — A. KLOTBER, Die neolithische Skelette aus Österreich, in: Die Anfänge des Neolithikums vom Orient bis Nordeuropa. Fundamente B/3, Villa., I, 1973, 200—209. (21) V. LEBZELTER — G. ZIMMERMANN, Neolithische Gräber aus Kleinhadersdorf in Niederösterreich. MAGW, LXVI, 1936, 1—16. (22) J. JUNGWIRTH, Ein linearbandkeramisches Skelett aus Pöttsching im Burgenland. AnthrAnz. XXIX, 1965, 123—132. (23) J. JELINEK, Die neolithische und bronzezeitliche Besiedlung der heutigen Tschechoslowakei, in: Die Anfänge des Neolithikums vom Orient bis Nordeuropa. Fundamente, B/3, Villa., I, 1973, 186—199. belonging to the Vinca culture points to a slight confirmation, or rather does not contradict the archaeological view of their origin( 24 ). On the basis of the data at our disposal, however, anthropologically genetical relationship with the Transdanubian Linear Culture might just as well be taken into consideration (Slovakian Linear Culture). The anthropological material from Bicske-Galagonyás being on the one hand few in number and fragmentary in conditon, on the other the totally lacking of the neolithical anthropological material from Slavonia, thirdly on the basis of the data not even minimal of the Vinca culture, the possibility to clear up the genetical relation hardly exists, not even on the basis of elimination; in this case, however, not even this method would be effective. According to the archaeological investigations, the Sopot-Bicske culture was followed in time and space by the Lengyel culture in the forming of which, beside certain Slovakian elements, just the SopotBicske culture had taken a prominent part( 25 ). A few fragmentary series with some smaller, or bigger numbered cases from the neighbouring territories are again the only basis at our disposal for drawing a parallel. All the materials from the South-Transdanubian( 26 ) as well as that of the Austrian( 27 ) and the Slovakian cemeteries( 28 ) are heterogeneous. The robust Mediterranean taxon is prevailing, however, some Cromagnon and brachycranial elements are also present. It is possible that the sporadic presence of the Cromagnon elements point out the share the Sopot-Bicske culture had in forming the Lengyel culture. Finally it is necessary to repeatedly stress the fact that the fragmentary series of Bicske-Galagonyás is at present the only anthropological representative of this culture, therefore, no generalization as regards the total population of this culture can be made — neither in time, nor space — until further materials with greater number of cases will be excavated and published ( 2<J ). Zs. K. Zoffmann (24) See footnote No. 17. (25) N. KALICZ — J. MAKKAY, O. C, AÉrt, XCIX, 1972, 3—14,; ID., О. С, IKMK, A/18, 19 72, 93—96. (26) Ii. VIRCHOW, Excursion nach Lengyel. Verhandlungen der Berliner Anthropologischen Gesellschaft, 1890; M. MALÁN, Adatok a lengyeli östelep neolithkori lakóinak anthropológ iájához. Budapest, 1929; J. NEMESKÉRI, О. С, AHung, 1956, 295—314; Zs. К. ZOFFMANN, An Anthropological Study of the Neolithic Cemetery at Villány kövesd (Lengyel Culture), Hungary. JPMË, 'XIII, 1968, 25—36; ID., Anthropological Analysis of the Cemetery at Zengövárkony and the Neolithical Lengyel Culture in SW-Hungary. JPME, XIV/XV, 1969/70,53—72; I. KISZELY, Untersuchung der Menschenknochen aus der urzeitlichen Siedlung und dem Gräberfeld von Altacker in Pari. Mitt Archlnst, IV. 1973, 119—128. (27) J. JUNGWIRTH — A. KLOTBER, o.e. (28) J. JELINEK, О. С. (29) I wish to use this opportunity to offer my thanks to T. Tóth for lecturing the manuscript, to M. Dettre for translating the paper and to D. Zs. Erdőkürthy for doing the photos. 63
