Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 16. 1975 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1978)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Makkay János: Excavations at Bicske. I, 1960. The Early Neolithic – The Earliest Linear Band Ceramic. p. 9–60.

short description is given here. The larger female figurine (Fig. 6) is in better condition and was used as appliqué on the shoulder of a larger vessel in a vertical sitting position. It broke away on the oblique line along which it was joined to the vessel. Its right arm broke off at the shoulder and the left arm at the middle upper arm. On its stomach however can be seen traces of the fingers from the left hand. Its left hand was flexed to the stomach. The right hand was probably placed on the right hip, and also bent. On the central part of the stomach traces of a broken-off object can be seen. This lost object could have been a small vessel or a baby in the lap of the figurine. There are incised ornaments on the chest and on back of the figurine. These ornaments may represent clothing and a necklace. Incised and appliqué ornaments on the head indicate a well-done coiffure. The figurine certainly represents a woman. The other figurine, of more modest quality is also broken (Fig. 7). It was unsatisfactorily fired and is therefore in poor condition. It is also certainly the figurine of a woman. Its folded arms were set on the hips. The wide incised motifs on the back and chest, and also the plastic and incised motifs on the head are very similar to those of the first figurine. It was also probably appliquéd on a vessel shoulder in a sitting position. Both figurines were found in the southwestern part of the house fill, near to each other. Their locaion gives no clue as to their original purpose. The It can be clearly seen that finds from house 1. 1971 and pit 1. in trench III. 1976 represent typical material from a very early and possibly the earliest phase of the Transdanubian — Middle European Linear Band Pottery. There are three lines of evidence which support this theory. These evidences are as follows: 1 The internal chronology of the site itself. 2. Parallels to this earliest Bicske material in the finds from other Transdanubian Early Linear Band sites, in finds from southwest Slovakian and other Middle European Early Linear Band pottery sites, and 3. Connections of this early Bicske ceramic material with contemporary or earlier finds in territories lying southeast from Bicske. This third form of evidence is useful in demonstrating the supposedly early chronological position of this Bicske ceramic material. It also acts as a good argument for showing that the genesis and earliest origin of the Early Linear Band Pottery of Transdanubia (i. e. the earliest Middle European Linear Band Pottery) maybe found in the earlier Neolithic cultures of the Northern Balkans and the southernmost parts of the Carpathian Basin (i. e. the Körös — Starcevo culture.) vessel to which the first figurine was appliquéd was not found among the vessels and sherds of the house. The second figurine may belong to one of the vessels in the pile of poorly fired sherds found around this figurine. Fig. 7 : Clay figurine, Cat. No. 304. These three lines of evidence are used only in connection with finds excavated at Bicske, since to our knowledge such a rich ceramic material of this kind from closed units has been found only at this northeastern Transdanubian site. 1. The internal chronology of the site This problem has already been mentioned above, and may therefore be summarized shortly. Our chronological research has been based on horizontal stratigraphy of the site, since typically the Linear band ceramic people of Transdanubia preferred previously unoccupied areas upon which to build their settlements. Even in the case where an older site was later resettled only the pits ever show signs of vertical stratigraphy. Chronology based on a horizontal stratigraphy need be no less reliable however when it is based on material from different features on a site, which is itself highly differentiated. The material from the site on Galagonyás hill presents us with just such a situation. Pit G excavated Chronology and Origins 27