Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 11. 1970 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1971)

Irodalom – Beschprechungen - Fitz Jenő: The Governors of Pannonia Inferior I. XI, 1970. p. 145–150.

THE GOVERNORS ОГ PANNÓNIA INFERIOR Since the publication of my paper Legati Augusti pro praetore Pannóniáé Inferior-is in 1963 (AAntRung 11, 1963, pp. 245 — 324) research has completed our knowledge on the governors of Pannónia Inferior in several respects, it has developped or modified some of my statements, it discussed or even rejected some of my observations. Beside the special studies published at various places or the views propounded in connection with the treatment of other subjects, a new summary has come to light in 1968 (Á. DOBÓ, Die Verwaltung der römischen Provinz Pannonién von Augustus bis Diocletianus. Budapest—Amsterdam 1968, 201 p.). However, this study is based on a material collected up to 1963, so its sources are hardly different from mine, nor does it contain any essentially new analysis. Therefore the remarks of students on my paper were just as well disregarded in this publication as recent data; consequently it cannot be regarded as the newest or even a new summary of research. The collection of views propounded at various places and the definition of the present state of research did not lose its actuality after the publication of the work of A. Dobó, needing several corrections in any case, nay its significance is enhanced. Recent statements on the governors individually (leaving the literature on the legati aside if it does not differ from the results of my paper) are the following : The career of P. Aelius Hadrianus has been published by Á. Dobó in a rather corrupted form (o.e., pp. 43 — 44). An incomprehensible ignorance is revealed by his repeated error of regarding the rank of sevir equitum Romanorum as an equestrian one and identifying it in a way with the praejectura cohortis (o.e., p. 151). According to A. Dob ó, Hadrianus began his career as an equestrian and he remained one when he served as tribunus militum, in three legions one after the other (this view is not conspicuous in the treatment of the cursus honorum but it comes to light in connection with the equestrian tribunatus militum: o.e., p. 151, item 3 no. 26). Besides the sequence of the stations of the career and their dates are frequently erroneous; the three legions in which Hadrianus served as tribunus laticlavius are enumerated in the inverse order. In the author's view he was legio legátus first (in 105) and praetor later (in 106). Nor are we informed on the reasons of his suggestion that Hadrianus served as tribunus plebis in 104. On the basis of Candido et Quadrato iterum conss. I have dated the tribunate to 105, I am, however, inclined to join the view of G. Alföldy: the author of the História Augusta has mixed up the dates of the tribunate and the praetorship (102), so Hadrianus may have been tribunus plebis in 102 (Die Legionslegaten der römischen Rheinarmeen. Epigraphische Studien 3, 1967, pp. 23 — 24). No essential objection has been raised regarding the Pannonian activity of T. Iulius Maximus Manlianus. There is, however, a disagreement on the problem, in which provinces did he command the legio I adiutrix and the legio IV Flavia. The command of two legions one after the other used to be a feature of an extraordinary situation and it involved the appointment for service with the troops of another province of necessity. The difficulty of such an appointment in the case of Maximus is raised by the fact that both legions under his command belonged to the expeditionary force of Traian between 104 and 106 and were the first occupants of Dacia after 106, as borne out by numerous data. It is at least certain that the legio I adiutrix was not garrisoned in Brigetio under the leadership of Maximus (so: PIR

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1 426). In my cited paper I professed the view that Maximus has taken over the command of the legio IV Flavia in 106, after the organization of Dacia, joining the forces of Moesia Superior with this legion. Nevertheless, R. S y me holds that the legio IV Flavia has remained in Dacia after the war, so the legions have been exchanged for the opposite reason (Governors of Pannónia Inferior. História 14, 1965, pp. 346 — 347, n. 23). Surely the legio I adiutrix is the unit of the two which has less and also more doubtful relics from Dacia from the period after the founding of the province (R. SYME, The first garrison of Trajan's Dacia. Laureae Aquincenses 1, 1938, p. 276). The early brick stamps of the legio IV Flavia are to be found in a well definable area in the southern-south-western part of Dacia (I. GLODARIU, Acta Musei Napocensis 3, 1966, p. 435) and research connects also the legionary camp near Berzovia with this legio (D. PROTASE, Acta Musei Napocensis 4, 1967, pp. 47 — 50). Among the Dacián inscriptions of the legio the most important is that of M. Calventius Viator (CIL, III, 7904- D., 2417), one of the équités singulares of the governor C. Avidius Nigrinus. On the basis of the last mentioned find there can be no doubt regarding the fact that the legio IV Flavia was garrisoned in Dacia under Trajan's rule — at least temporarily. Consequently the finds seem to support the view of R. S y m e. But if we suppose that Maximus, having taken over the command of the legio IV Flavia, belonged to the forces of Dacia, we are met by several difficulties. The first question is the following: what happenned to the legio I adiutrix after 106? It took part in the eastern campaign of Trajan, but where did it stay before? According to our present knowledge it did not return to Pannónia. One of its Apulum inscriptions has been erected 10 Alba Regia XI. 145