Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bándi Gábor: Remarks on the History of Research in the „Vueedol Problem”. – Megjegyzések a Vueedoli-kérdés kutatástörténetéhez. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 23–33.

mainly as regards the form of settlement, burial rites and archaeological finds.

94 7. Owing to the classification of archaeological material on territorial basis, the three Vucedol phases, built by S. Dimitrievic on typological foundations, and the resulting theory of Vucedol expansion become highly questionable.

95 As a matter of fact, it seems to be a contradiction to suppose that the folk of the tells near Vucedol appeared e.g. in Bosnia in a form entirely different from Western

96 Hungary, where the settlements and their archaeological material are witnessing against the Vucedol expansion, described by D i m i t r i e v i é, at any rate.

97 Further the similarity of the Western Hungarian material and the Lasinja group becomes a riddle if we suppose that the former was a descendant of Vucedol, whereas the other lived coevally with it, nay their origins are independent from each other.

98 As it seems, one may attempt the solution of the problems outlined above only if one omits the investigation of the Danube

—Drave

—Save and Bosnian

—Hercegovinán group of the so-called classic Vucedol tell settlements, at least for a time, since they are different not only in space but, in all probability, also in time from the Yougoslavian

—West Hungarian "Zók group" of the culture. On the other hand, this separation entails the necessity of investigating the situation and connections of the Lasinja group in trying to solve this complex problem. The problem of the Lasinja group.

—Investigating the history of the Aeneolithic and Early Bronze Age in the region between the Drave and the Save and North-West Yougoslavia, S. Dimitrievic approached the definition of the Lasinja group in two ways. Research in the material of the Babska

—Lengyel culture on one hand, in that of the classic Vucedol culture on the other, induced him to conclude that in the territory of North-West Yougoslavia the already known earlier stray finds justify a separation of a special material, distinguished from both cultures and falling roughly between them in time.

99 The material selected by typological methods was clearly different from the Vucedol one,

100 it has revealed some formal reminiscences of the Babska

—Lengyel type,

101 whereas the excavations in some settlements, proving onestratum construction and pit-dwellings, brought rather Aeneolithic traits to light.

102 This inquiry resulted in the definition of the Lasinja group, being enlisted in the historical framework of the Aeneolithic in North-Western Yougoslavia as a special local culture. The clear separation of the material of the Zók type 94 The common form of settlement of the whole area is the one-stratum hill settlement; similarly to the West Hungarian sites the North-West Yougoslavian territory contains also pit-dwellings (the former are : Zók — Várhegy, Nagyárpád, Kiskánya). S. DIMITRIEVIC: Opusc. Arch. 5 (1961) 81. (Kiringrad, Beketinec, Lasinja.) 95 S. DIMITRIEVIC: op. cit. See the material of notes 65-67. se We allude to the Bosnian settlements near to Vucedol and their material in the first place. (See note 86.) 97 The West Hungarian settlements make the general Yougoslav thesis on the expansion of the folk of the Vucedol tells to this area hardly tenable. One might deduce the origin of this theory from two sources. Hungarian material is but moderately known by Yougoslav research, whereas Hungarian students have erroneously identified their material with the archaeological finds of the classic Vucedol tells without any reservation for a long time. 9

s S. DIMITRIEVIC: Opusc. Arch. 5 (1961) 82-85. 99 Ibid. wo ibid. wi Ibid. 82. юг ibid. 81. (Beketinec.) sites in Western Hungary from the Vucedol group, however, places the origin and the situation of the Lasinja group in a different context. A comparison of the West Hungarian Zók settlements and the Lasinja material

103 proves such a strong similitude between both areas that we feel justified in embracing these two differently called cultures in the same circle. As regards the Babska

—Lengyel "related features" of the Lasinja group, they are explained by the most recent Hungarian literature as follows : After the Lengyel culture but before the Baden culture yet, we have to reckon with a North-West Yougoslavian

—West Hungarian culture too which came to being and existed in these areas on Lengyel bases, probably parallel with the Bodrogkeresztúr level. Its selfstanding settlements have been found at several places; they were given the name "Balaton group" by N. К a 1 i с z.

104 It was the material of this group which, being mixed up with the Lasinja group S. Dimitrievic, added a "special tint" to the Early Bronze Age culture of North-West Yougoslavia; for the rest, if one removes this Aeneolithic material, the latter may be attached doubtless to the West Hungarian Zók group.

105 This mixture was the reason why S. D i m i tr i e v i 6, utilizing some Szentes—Kistőke parallel,

106 has taken stand on the chronological order: he attached the whole Lasinja group, including also the Balaton group naturally, to the horizon of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture.

107 However, the sites of the Lasinja

—Zók group may be found in Bosnia

—Hercegnovina equally, i.e. they may be separated from the Kostolac and Vucedol sites enumerated by А. В e n a c.

108 The sites of both group are extended over the same territory, nay in some places one can establish their relative chronology too; thus the Lasinja horizon is prior to the Vucedol tells and the few cave sites in Bosnia.

109 Since it is possible to give a unitary outline of a socalled Lasinja

—Zók horizon of an identical way of living a roughly uniform type of settlement and material culture in the entire Western Hungary and Nort-West Yougoslavia, nay one may find the same in Bosnia

—Hercegovina too, distinguishable from the "Vucedol group", we may reckon with the possibility of the existence of this period in the Danube

—Drave corner, independently of the Vucedol tells there. Surveying the material of the Vucedol sites, enumerated by R. R. Schmidt and S. Dimitrievic, we are actually able to separate several sites in this area which contain this Lasinja

—Zók material alone, though they have been enlisted among the Vucedol sites earlier.

110 According to S. D i m i t r i103 S. DIMITRIEVIC: PI. XIV nos 94, 96, Pl. XVI nos 118-120, Pl. XIX. мм A friendly oral communication of N. К a 1 i с z. See the first publication on the topography of the first sites belonging to this group in: Veszprém megye régészeti leletei. Keszthelyi és tapolcai járás. (The archaelogical finds of Veszprém country. Keszthely and Tapolca districts.) юз Cf. the material of note 103 with that of note 91. we S. DIMITRIEVIC: Opusc. Arch. 5 (1961) 84, 57. Textabb. E and notes 249-251. i°

7 Ibid. 65. Table of relative chronology. los A. BENAC: op. cit. 145. Map of extension. (Rumin near Bitelic, Cetina, Hrustovac, Zelena Pecina stratum I, Gornja Tuzla I, Zecovi III—IV, Lupljanica.) i°

9 Ibid. 143, 155. Relative chronological and stratigraphical table. no S. DIMITRIEVIC: Opusc. Arch. 1 (1956). - Ruma (PI. I nos 2-8), Opatovac (PI. Ill nos 20-22), Sotin (PI. V no. 30), Stari Jankovci (PI. V nos 31-33), Draganlug (PI. XII nos 74-75), Bosanska Kostajnica (PI. XII nos 76-78). 28