Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bándi Gábor: Remarks on the History of Research in the „Vueedol Problem”. – Megjegyzések a Vueedoli-kérdés kutatástörténetéhez. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 23–33.

belonging to an East Alpine culture, has M. Hoer­n e s as its author. 15 As compared with the quoted nort­hern theories, this theory seems to be more justified, as the analogy of the finds near the Mondsee is not based on mere coincidences but on the recognition of real connections. 16 Also the earliest Hungarian research has joined this trend. The first mention of local material which may be atta­ched to the Laibacher Moors finds is made in the compre­hensive work by F. Tompa on Prehistory in- Hun­gary. 17 In the earlier stray finds of Zók, 18 Pécs—Makár­hegy 19 and Kiskőszeg 20 F. Tompa recognized the near relatives of the mentioned Alpine culture; adding the then recently published Vucedol and Szarvas finds, 21 he defined the farthest southeastern group, the so-called Szarvas—Vucedol —Zók one, of the culture. 22 However, owing to his basic idea of the northern or north-western origin of the local Bronze Age, he left the theory of Childe out of consideration. P. P a t a y did not develop the theory of Tompa essen­tially further. He changed the term "Szarvas—Vucedol — Zók group" to "Vucedol —Zók culture", collected the sites, and joined the view on the East Alpine origin equ­ally. 23 He was the first to give the most detailed analysis of the chronology of the culture in Hungary. Naturally he consented to all the early views in dating this culture "to the very end of the Neolithic (Hungarian Copper Age), in fact even to the beginning of the Bronze Age". 24 A. M о z s о 1 i с s, dealing with the problem in her minor studies, did not discard the East Alpine theory either. Investigating the Hungarian material, she empha­sized that the centre of the culture had to be found in South-Western Hungary; further she made some impor­tant remarks as regards the study of the connections with Corded Ware Pottery, and also as regards a minor migra­tion from the West towards North-Western Hungary. 25 After these works Hungarian research did not pay atten­tion to this culture for a considerable time, nor were important excavations executed in its orbit till the recent years. 26 It was on these groups of ideas or trends that research in all countries of the Central Danubian Basin, satisfying modern requirements and utilizing more extensive mate­rial, executed on the Vucedol problem, was based from the 1940s on. In spite of the fact that research was and still is directed by various points of view in the diverse areas, the theories, diametrally opposed earlier, have been is M. HOERNES-O. MENGHIN: op. cit. 328. 16 The recognition of connections has been made possible by the first pub­lications of Mondsee material: M. MUCH: MAG (1872, 1874, 1876).; L. FRANZ-J. WENINGER: Materialien zur Urgeschichte Österreichs 3 (1927). « F. TOMPA: BRGK 24/25 (1934/35) 60. is Ibid. XX/1-14. « Ibid. 61. 20 Ibid. 2i V. HOFFILLER: Corpus vasorum antiquorum, Yougoslavie 1 (Paris 1934) I-III.;W. BUTTLER: Germania 20 (1936) 209.; M. WOSIN­SZKY: Die inkrustierte Keramik der Stein- und Bronzezeit (Berlin 1904) 43. 22 F. TOMPA: op. cit. 61. 23 p. PATAY: Frühbronzezeitliche Kulturen in Ungarn. Diss. Pann. 11/13 (1938) 22. г* Ibid. 25. 2B A. MOZSOLICS: VSz 4 (1937) 234; ID: SzSz 8 (1938) ID.: Serta Hoffilleriana (Zagreb 1940) 27. 26 The entire uncovery of a West Hungarian settlement of the culture was begun in the latest years at the site Pécs—Nagyárpád. The author's excavation. brought nearer to each other by the plenty of sites and the material of an increased number of authentic excava­tions of settlements. Although the traces of the influence of earlier theories may be distinguished still, the East Alpine theory seems to lose ground as compared with the idea of the southern origin, propounded by G. W. Childe alone earlier, gaining ever more strength lately, so that the recently suggested theories of local origin could not discard this factor either. 27 In Central European research only the northern theory uunderwent such an isolated development that it has to be regarded a singular phenomenon by now. As renewed by P. R e i n e с к e, 28 the northern theory has assumed a definite shape in the papers of R. L о z a r, 29 R. R. S с h m i d t, 30 then M. M i 1 о j с i c 31 and finally R. P i 11 i о n i ; 32 thus the Laibach­Vucedol group became incorporated into the late horizon of the so-called "Nor­dische Welt", on the further supposition that the Mond­see — Pölshals —Strappelkogel —Baden groups, as deve­lopping factors of the Laibach —Vucedol group accor­ding to R. P i 11 i о n i, were of northern origin as a whole, moving and proceeding from NW to SE. 33 From the 1940s on, as on the base of the amassed finds and the major number of sites it has become pos­sible to define the groups of the culture in the various areas, research may be differentiated according to count­ries. According to our present knowledge the culture, the comprehensive name of which is intentionally not identified with either of the groups here, is shown by the maps of extension of the various monographs to have existed all over the Carpathian Basin. Proceeding from the SE to the NW, we may draw its geographical boun­daries in the following manner. In the SE the area in which the developped culture is occurring in the shape of some ethnical group, regardless of the inner chrono­logy at present, begins with the region of the Morava — Drina —Lower Danube. 34 For the time being we are un­able to draw precise boundaries in the E-SE; the Tisza— Maros region and farther off the Nyírség belonged to its area in all probability. In the North it was delimited by the Bodrogköz and the Hernád valley, or the southern fringes of the Bükk and Mátra mountains, having the features of the Great Plain, respectively; this line went towards the Danube bend and the Nyitra river. 35 North­wards the culture has extended to the SW-Slovakian Plain, the Moravian and the Bohemian Basins. 36 To the NW the frontiers may be drawn in Stiria (Austria), the Mondsee and Attersee region, then to the W-SW in Lower Austria; 37 the borderlands of the Eastern Alps 27 B. NOVOTNY: op. cit. 59. - G. W. CHILDE: The Dawn of European Civilization (London 1947) 292. 28 p. REINECKE: Vucedol, Vinőa und Altheim-Remendello. Serta Hoffilleriana (Zagreb 1940) 37. 2» R. LOZAR: GMDzS 22 (1941) 34. 30 R. R. SCHMIDT: Die Burg Vucedol (Zagreb 1945) 100, 144. ai V. MILOjClC : Chronologie der jüngeren Steinzeit Mittel- und Südos­europas (Berlin 1949) 84. 32 R. PITTIONI: Urgeschichte des Österreichischen Raumes (Wien 1954) 234. 33 Ibid. 34 A. BENAC: BRGK 42 (1961) 135, Abb. 7. - P. KOROSEC: Glasnik 15/16 (1961) 141, 150. Map of extension. - P. KOROSEC: Arh. Vest. VII/4. (1956) 369. 35 N. KALICZ: Arch. Ért. 94 (1967) 3. Map of extension. - N. KALICZ: Diss. Arch. 4 (1962) 12-18. зв В. NOVOTNY: op. cit. 7. 3? К. WILLVONSEDER: Serta Hoffilleriana (Zagreb 1940) 21. R. PIT­TIONI: op. cit. 234, 178, Karte 5. 24

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