Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Reconstruction on the tenth Century Population of Sárbogárd on the Basis of Archaeoloogical and Anthropological Data. – A sárbogárdi X. századi közösség rekonstrukciója régészeti és embertani adatok alapján. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 93–147. t. XXVI–XLV.

ed with the methods of L. S. Penrose

80 (see also N. A. R a h m a n

87

), taking into consideration both size and shape. I could include 8 measurements of the skull into the calculation: maximum cranial length (1), maximum cranial breadth (8), anterior forehead breadth (9), basi-bregmatic heigh (17), basion-prosthion length (40), bizygomatic breadth (45), nasion-prosthion height (48), orbital height (52). The means of the individual series were standardized with the aid of the mean intraracial standard deviation of Bor к

—

F e 1

1 к a m p.

88 Here it should be noted that the standardized values are correct only for males and not for females. This is because the mean intraracial S.D. has been worked out only for males and since they were extended to the female values certain distortions were brought about mainly by the shortening of the size distances. Nevertheless the generalized distance value (Dp) calculated for the females are useful relatively speaking or in comparison to each other, but they cannot be included in tests of significance. The generalized Penrose distance was calculated according to the method given in the quoted literature by employing Pearson's r = +0.23 mean intercorrelation. The value of the Dp resulting from the calculation expresses the distance of the individual series from Sárbogárd. Thus the smaller the Dp value of the particular series, the smaller is its distance from Sárbogárd. (The significance of the D- values of males was controlled by the %

2 test, but no value was found significant at the 5% level (15,5 with 8 DF). The Dp values gained from the examination are included in Table 21. The values of males and females were listed in increasing order separately for the three described chronological and territorial units. In studying the Table we should not overlook the fact that the successive series correctly reflect only their distance from Sárbogárd but no conclusions can be drawn about their distance from each other. We can speak about similarities only among the Dp values of the examined series between the 0.00 and 1.49 values. The smaller the received value, the smaller is the distance of the series from Sárbogárd. The character means of the series found to be similar to Sárbogárd may be found in Table 22. One more theoretical question has to be examined before evaluating the results. The unearthed cemeteries, numerically speaking, represent only a fraction of the buried human remains of people once living in an area or in a particular period. Still we have to attempt to depict the complex historical-ethnic picture of such ages on the basis of a very biased sample because we cannot indefinitely wait until more dependable material is found thus when drawing conclusions from the parallels of Sárbogárd we must bear in mind that those hold valid only for the examined material and they do not hold absolutely true for a period, area or ethnic group even if it appears so from the wording of the study. The studied group of characteristics of the population of Sárbogárd reflects the following features on the basis of the distance from other populations. 86 L. S. PENROSE: Annals of Eugenics 18 (1954) 337-343. 8' N. A. RAHMAN: Ann. Hum. Gen. 26 (1962) 97-106. 88 A. J. van BORK-FELTKAMP: op. cit. Males a) At the beginning of the 10th century the populations which appeared in the vicinity of present-day Sárbogárd was not similar to the 6th-9th century population studied in the Central Danube Basin. This observation seems to> be correct because the males of Sárbogárd entered the area only in 896. b) The males of Sárbogárd, however, did not have a closer resemblance to the 10th-12th century population known from the Central Danube Basin with the exception of the 11th century population of Kérpuszta to which they seemed similar. The circumstance that the males of Sárbogárd were not similar to the contemporary or immediately succeeding populations agrees with our archeological observation that their rites are also not similar to the series unearthed or published up to now from Hungary. Their resemblance to the Kérpuszta population is surprising and inexplicable. If, however, the other measurements and indices of the Kérpuszta series are also examined, beyond the eight measurements included in the generalized distance calculation, it will be found that in some cases they differ significantly from Sárbogárd, hence the Kérpuszta series can be excluded from the range of near similarity. c) The sole parallels of the Sárbogárd males were to be found only among the series originating from the Soviet Union. They most closely resemble the 10th-15th century series unearthed in Bolgaru, the city of the Bulgarians of the Volga area at the mouth of the Kama. The observed similarity retains the same degree even after the comparison of additional measurements and index values. T г о f i m о v a

89 iden iried the two series anthropologically as belonging to the Bulgarian ethnic group, with a certain amount of Finno-Ugric intermixture. Females a) The females of Sárbogárd also do not resemble the 6th-9th century populations of the Central Danube Basin. b) On the other hand the Sárbogárd females show some connexions with the 10th-12th century populations of the Central Danube Basin, thus with the 11th century series of Kérpuszta, the llth-12th century series of Devin, and the 10th century series of Székesfehérvár— Bikasziget. However, if the other measurements and index values of these series are also examined, a significant difference will be found in the Székesfehérvár—Bikasziget series, and a more moderate one in the Kérpuszta. The Devin series still remains similar to the Sárbogárd one. Frankenberger

90 identified Devin as a Hungarian

—Slavic mixed ethnic group, with a preponderance of the Magyar element. c) The females of Sárbogárd show no relation to the osteological material of the series selected from the Russian territories. Unfortunately the measurements of the females of the series from the Kama area are not known (or there are none) but it is still not likely that they would essentially modify this picture. 89 T. A. TROFIMOVA: op. cit. so Z. FRANKENBERGER: op. cit. 124