Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 6.-7. 1965-1966 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1966)
Szemle – Rundschau - Fitz J.: When was Caracalla in Pannonia and Dacia? VI–VII, 1965–66. p. 202–205.
The Cyrrhus inscription (Ann. Ép. 1955:225) has been completed by B. E. Thomas s о n (op. cit. 253) in the form [C. Gallonius] С f. Tro. Fronto Turbo Publicius Severus, this is, however, wrong on the testimony of the Terranova (Sardinia, CIL XVI 60) inscription: this stone calls the commanding officer of the classis praetor[ia Misenensis] Q. Március Tu[rbo]. Thus the name of the Cyrrhus equestrian, except for the exchange of Turbo and Fronto, coin-) ci des whith the prafectus praetorio mentioned in the Sarmisegetusa inscription (CIL III 1462). The comparison of careers leads us to a similar result. Though the Caesarean procurator (Aim. Ép. 1946:113) filled the posits of [proc. prol]eg. et praef. prov. Dac[iae] inferioris and [pr]oc. proleg. provinc[iae] Mauretan. Caes[ariensis] in course of his career, so he was active in two provinces identical (except for the inverse sequence) with those which classical authors used to connect with the later praefectus praetorio, we cannot accept an identification. As it is proved by the author convincingly, this procurator is not only different from the intimate friend of Hadrian, but also his activity falls at a later date (he was procurator of Dacia inferior at about 142/143, that of Mauretania Caesariensis between 145 and 148/149j, so we may identify him with the son of the praefectus praetorio. We may regard the career of Hadrian's praefectus praetorio, Q. Március Turbo, as complete in the outlines on the basis of the known statements of classical authors and the Cyrrhus inscription. However, the interpretation of the Aquincum inscription (CIL III 14349 2 ), mentioning the name of M. Turbo, has remained problematical. This tombstone calls Március Turbo the centurio of legio II adiutrix. Generally students regarded this inscription as the first datum of the career of our praefectus praetorio, an illustration of the beginning of his friendship with Hadrian, since the later emperor started on his career as the tribunus militum of the legio II adiutrix, becoming the commander of this legion as a governor of Lower Pannónia. One may jump to the conclusion that Hadrian got acquainted with his later intimate friend during his service in the legion or his commandership, respectively. This suggestion remained doubtful, however, on account of the difficulties in harmonizing the dates. Hadrian was a tribunus laticlavius of the legio II adiutrix between 95 and 98, at a time when it was garrisoned in Singidunum, Moesia superior (G. Alf öldy, Acta Arch. Hung. 11 [1959] 139—141). For the second time Hadrian came into connection whith the legion, already in Aquincum, during his governorship, between 106 and 108 <J. F i t z, Acta Antiqua 11 [1963] 245—247). Should we date the beginning of the connection of Hadrian and Március Turbo to this period, however, we were to WHEN WAS CARACALLA C. Daicoviciu: Einige Probleme der Provinz Dazien während des 3. Jahrhunderts. Studii Ciasice 7 (1965) 235—270. In a restatement of his previous stand, the author debates the authors who date Caraealla's Pannonitm and Dacián journey to 214. In the above study he again dates it to 213. This reconstruction of historical events exactly follows the story of the História Augusta : SHA v. Car. 5, 1—8 suppose that Március Turbo would have held the post of a centurio of legio II adiutrix at this time. As he was praefectus classis praetoriae Misenensis at the end of 113 and in course of 114 (CIL XVI 60), we ought to suppose an speedy advancement from the rank of a centurio which might hardly be imagined. Such an advancement would be a forced inference even if we were 'to suggest, as it was done by H. G. Pflaum (op. cit. 204), that he would have been centurio princeps prior legionis II adiutricis at about 106. Judged by the number of offices, hardly to be compressed into the period between 106 and 113, our author regarded even the identification of M. Turbo, mentioned in Aquincum, with the later praefectus praetorio, the friend of Hadrian, as doubtful. The conclusions regarding the centurio started, however, from a wrong dating, so they could not give a satisfactory result. Research did not reckon either with recent literature on the Castricius stele, mentioning the name of M. Turbo (T. Nagy, BpR 13 [1943] 463 seq.: G. Alföldy, op. cit. 128), or with the latest Hungarian results as regards the history of legio II adiutrix at the end of the first and the beginning of he second century. With their help the Aquincum gravestone of C. Castricius С Off. Victor may be dated to the Aquincum stay of the vexillatio of legio II adiutrix, i. e. between 89 and 92 (G. Alföldy, op. cit. 128; J. Fitz. Alba Regia 2/3 [1962/63] 44—46). Thus Március Turbo, being a centurio, served in Aquincum between 89 and 92, in the vexillatio of the legion garrisoned in Singidunum. We may suppose therefore that he did not meet Hadrian in Pannónia for the first time but in Singidunum between 95 and 98, when the latter served in that locality. The offices enumerated by the Cyrrhus inscription (Ann. Ép. 1955:225) may therefore be arranged in the span between 95—98 and 113/114, showing a career not extraordinary any more. In the connection of Hadrian and Q. Március Turbo their supposed encounter in the framework of the legio II adiutrix may be regarded just as one of several possibilities, unsuitable for far-reaching conclusions. According to the Cyrrhus inscription, Q. Március Turbo held several military poste of the city of Rome, among others those of the imperial guard (équités singulares Augusti, praetoriani), so had a chance to meet Hadrian when the latter also held offices of the city (quaestor imperatoris Traiani, ab actis senatus, tribunus plebis, praetor), or at the end of the second Dacián war, when Hadrian went to Rome in order to stage the festival games (Rohd en, RE 1 [1894] 498 seq.). It well may be that Q. Március Turbo was procurator ludi magni at this time, cooperating in the arrangement of the games with Hadrian immediately. J. Fitz IN PANNÓNIA AND DACIA? His gestis Galliam petit atque ut primum in earn venit, Narbonensen proconsulem occidit... dein ad orientent, profectionem parans omisso itinere in Dacia resedit. circa R <a> etiam non paucos barbaros interemit militesque suos quasi Syttae milites et cohortatus est et donavit ... per Thracias cum praef. praet. it <e r > fecit ... etc. We get a rather confused picture of things if we try to describe the history of 213—214 on the basis of the História Augusta. According to the description Caracalia during this period moved around the province apparently without any definite purpose. In 202
