Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 4.-5. 1963-1964 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1965)
Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bándi Gábor: Data to the Early and Middle Bronze Age of Northern Transdanubia and Southern Slovakia. (Some Problems of the Tokod Group). IV–V, 1963–64. p. 65–71. t. 18–20.
Data to the Early and Middle Bronze Age of Northern Transdanubia and Southern Slovakia (Some Problems of the Tokod Group) Recent excavations of the last decade made the students of Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin familiar with the Hurbanovo type and afterwards with the Tokod-Ógyalla group as a self-standing, geographically definable population, having a characteristic archaeological material. I. Bona was the first to summarize the history of research and the opinions expressed on our group. 1 Since a very large number of new finds was uncovered in the last years, modifying our views on the situation of the group, we regard a review of research made hitherto and of the opinions of students as a necessity. The first finds belonging to the material of our group have been presented by J. Hampel. 2, The finding place is unknown, they came to the Esztergom Museum from the collection of the Primate-Archbishop. Similar finds were published by M. Wosinszky equally from the Esztergom Museum. 3 In 1904 the periodical Archeológiai Értesítő published five vessels of our proup, uncovered at Tata-Tóvárosi These publications did not recognize the separate type yet, they have dealt with the presented material in the framework of the Transdanubian incrusted pottery. S. Mithay presented Tokod-type finds, uncovered at several sites in the surroundings of Győr, but he did not recognize their distinguishing features either. He classified these finds (Koroncó, Ménfő, Rábacsécsény-Fudipuszta) under the head of the formally related Kisapostag culture. 5 A. Mozsolics was the first to characterize our finds as types divergent from the classic Kisapostag forms. In her monograph she presented scattered finds from Dorog and Tokod as proofs of her statement. 6 She regarded these pieces as derivations of the Kisapostag jugs, II. BONA- The Bronze Age in Hungary. Paper for obtaining the Candidate's Degree. Manuscript, II. 486. 2 J. HAMPEL- Antiquités Préhistoriques de la Hongrie. (Budapest 1876) ' PI. 21. 3 M. WOSINSZKY: The Prehistorical Incrusted Pottery. (In Hung.) (Budapest 1904) PI. XX. 4 Arch. Ért. 24 (1904), 173, 183: the sketches closing the text. 5 S. GALLUS-S. MITHAY: The History of Győr up to the Iron Age. (Győr 1942) II. The Bronze Age. Koroncó: 1, 4, 8, 9. — Ménfő: 2. — Rábacsécsény — Fudipuszta: 3. leanding as far as the Szekszárd I culture. She proposed the name of Kisapostag II for them. 7 The hitherto known westernmost occurrence of the type was found by her in the HainburgTeichtal cemetery of Gâta character. 8 The establishment of this new period does not seem to be justified any more, as A. Mozsolics defined it on the basis of stray pieces only. The incrusted pottery of this type has occurred since in a wellknit complex of settlement and cemetery, together with material of the Hatvan type, near the bend of the Danube (Nyergesújfalu-Brickworks, NeszmélyVárhegy, Kiskeszi (Maié Kosihy) so it cannot be regarded as a self-standing Kisapostag period. Afterwards the problems of our group were dealt with by Slovakian research for a long time. An excavation of the Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Science, led by P. Caplovic, has uncovered an Early Bronze Age cemetery of 92 graves at Ûgyalla (Hurbanovo). Investigation on the material of this cemetery resulted in the idea of the Hurbanovo type as a self-standing achaeological group. The full material of the cemetery, consisting of contracted skeletons, is unpublished so far, only smaller reports were presented by P. Caplovic and A. Tocik} Investigating the material of the graves, P. Caplovic noticed that some small jugs of incrusted ornament were occurring as gravegoods frequently. 10 He found the nearest analogies of form and decoration in the material of the phase Kisapostag II described by A. Mozsolics. The majority of the finds has, however, an Aunjetitz character. Adding these two data, she came to the result that the cemetery was a site of the so-called Hurbanovo type, alloyed from the Aunjetitz and Kisapostag II types. 11 6 A. MOZSOLICS: The Early Bronze Age Urn Cemetery of Kisapostag. Arch. Hung. 26 (1942) 16. PI. 5 nos 1-4. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. Pig. 4, the small jug of grave 120. 9 P. CAPLOVIC: Starobronzové pohrebiste v Hurbanove na Slovensku. AR 6 (1954) sei 3; A. TOCIK: Referátv II. Libnice 1956. 10 P. CAPLOVIC: op. cit. Pl. 137, on the lower left side of the photograph of the grave. 11 Ibid. 424. 65
