Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 4.-5. 1963-1964 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1965)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bóna István: The Peoples of Southern Origin of the Early Bronze Age in Hungary I–II. IV–V, 1963–64. p. 17–63. t. I–XVII.

Pitvaros finds are represented by 10 vases, 1 bronze dagger and a bronze headdress of a Pan-pipe shape.

6 Describing the finds according to graves, J. Banner followed the inventory of the Szeged Museum. This inventory, however, made numerous mistakes, it mixed up the grave-goods of bronze, bone and beads, neglected a part of them, nay it omitted several vases entirely.

7 P. Patay is the next to mention the cemetery. He dates it mainly in the period „Tószeg A — Bronze Age I," represented in his judgment by the Nagyrév culture in the whole country. He publishes a few vessels of the cemetery as characteristic „Nagyrév" forms.

8 He thinks further that the cemetery, just as that of Óbéba, covers also the period „Tószeg В — Bronze Age II", therefore he enumerates it among the cemeteries of the „Perjámos culture" as well.

9 Following this view, later literature mentions the cemeteries partly in the orbit of the Nagyrév culture, partly in that of the Perjámos one. A monographical treatment of the cemetery has been prepared by I. Foltiny.™ He is the first to distinguish the cemetery to a certain degree from those of the Szőreg type he is dealing with,' though this distinction is exclusively chronological. He notices that the cemeteries of the Szőreg type are embracing the burials of „periods I

—III" generally, while the overwhelming majority of the Pitvaros graves belong only to „period I" „only a few graves were fitting into period II."

11 Unfortunately we are not informed on'the graves meant by the latter statement. In her study on the two-handled vessels of Aegean-Balcanic type, I. Kutzián related the two-handled mugs appearing at Pitvaros to a southern wave, the second after the Copper Age, touching the Nagyrév culture at the beginning of the Bronze Age. She analyzes the two-handled vessels of graves 26 and 43, dazing them to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age on the testimony of the Nagy

rév-type jars of both cemeteries.

12 The author of the present paper was the first to classify the cemeteries of Pitvaros, Óbéba and Törökkanizsa as a self-standing group of the Early Bronze Age;

13 recently their special position has been noticed (under the name of a „Pitvaros group") by Gy. Gazdapusztai too.

14 6 Ibid. Figs 13 a, c, d; 22 b/2, e/2, h, i, j/1, 29 and 54. or their types respectively. 7 Owing to the regrettable intermingling of the finds, data regarding Pitvaros, contained by the careful and thorough work on the relations of the vases and bronzes, have but a theoretical value. Ibid. 37-42. 8 P. PATAY: Frühbronzezeitliche Kulturen in Ungarn. DissPann. 11/13 (1938) 27-28, Pl. 2 nos 6, 9, 10. 2. The Sites of the Group Pitvaros (Csongrád county, Makó district). Following a report by the notary of Pitvaros, В. Őry, the director of the Szeged Museum, F. Móra went to the village on the 2nd August 1926. Somewhat earlier a sand-pit was opened along the road leading from Pitvaros to Ambrózjalva, near the end of the village; in course of the work graves have come to light. The finds of graves 1—6 were preserved according to the respective graves and handed over to F. Móra by B. Ory. Graves 1—5 contained finds of the Early Bronze Age, grave 6 yielded finds of a barbarian burial from the fourth-fifth centuries. As the aiea of the cemetery was in constant danger, F. Móra has begun excavations on that very day, going on to the 31st August with interruptions of .more or less time. As a result the number of graves reached 49, including 43 from the Bronze Age and 6 from the period of the migrations (graves 6, 14, 32, 45, 46, 48). We do not know whether the cementery was exhausted by this or not. Pissibly the earthworks, continued in the meantime, proceeded in a direction which did not result in the discovery of additional graves. At any rate, F. Móra tried to excavate at other points of the village on the 6th to the 8th September already; his reports given to the press on the 6th and 7th September mention the excavations as completed, whereby we may understand that the cemetery was uncovered entirely. The finds are preserved by the F. Móra Museum, Szeged. Inv. no.: 8,59,1-. The graves from the Bronze Age are the following: Grave 1. Grave-furniture: a truncated cone-shaped bowl (PI. I no. 1.), height: 9 cm, rim diam.: 22 cm, pedestal diam. : 9 cm; apiece of stone (PI. IV no. 1). Grave 2. Contracted skeleton. Grave-furniture: a small, three-handled bowl (PL I no. 3), height: 6,8 cm, rim diam.: 15 cm, pedestal diam.: 7 cm; the fragment of a bronze bracelet (PL IV no 2). Grave 3. Contracted skeleton. Grave-furniture: a bulging, three-handled bowl (PL I no 2), height: 12,5 cm, rim diam.: 23 cm, pedestal diam.: 9 cm. Grave 4. Contracted skeleton. Grave-furniture: a t w o-h andled mug, ornamented with stabbed dots on the belly (PL I no. 4), height: 5,6 cm, rim diam.: 6 cm, pedestal diam.: 3,5 cm; small onehandled j a r

, Nagyrév type (PL I no. 10), height: 6,7 cm, rim diam.: 3,5 cm, pedestal diam.: 2 crn. 9 Ibid. 44-47. 10 „The Bronze Age Cemetery of Pitvaros'', for vol. V of FA. In his other works the author refers to its tables. What happened to the manuscript, I do not know. 11 SzVMK II/3 (1942) 20 and П. 8. 12 Acta Arch. Hung. 9 (1958) 168, 186. 13 Cf. notes 2-3. 14 Arch. Ért. 89 (1962) 10-11 and Table. 18