Fitz Jenő (szerk.): Religions and Cults in Pannonia. Exhibiton an Székesfehérvár, Csók István Gallery 15 May - 30 September 1996 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: A. sorozat 33. (1998)

guardians of children - how many of them their dedicants believed them to have been is nowhere specifically stated, but on the insriptions they are always referred to in plural, although in reliefs only one is usually represented. They may well have been conceived as three goddesses, since clearly they must ultimately be explained in terms of the three Celtic divine Matres, worshipped under different names and differing aspects throughout the Celtic world. Dedications to the Nutrices at Poetovio were mainly erected by men of all social classes, from slaves to members of municipal aristocracy. They fulfilled a vow made for the welfare of their children (in most cases sons), and their wives, or else a dedication was set up by both parents for welfare of their child. Although three females are often represented on reliefs, the earlier interpretations, according to which these would be three Nutrices, are not valid (GURLITT 1896, 1-25; ABRAMIC, 1925, 31-32; 78-79; JEVREMOV 1988, passim). The figure on the right is usually Nutrix with a child, who is sometimes represented as a central figure and rarely on the left, while one of the three is a servant and the other a mother, bringing or leading another child to Nutrix (DIEZ 1992, 936-938, and VI2, 620-622). Since the cult of the Nutrices is isolatedly known only in Poetovio, it must have certainly been brought thither by the epichoric settlers of the Poetovio area, and connected to the specific Celtic, Norican-Tauriscan tribe that must have decisively conditioned its popularity and importance. Both remained unaltered during the Roman period, when the cult actually became documented for the first time. Some of the deities here listed may be pre-Celtic, like Aecorna, Laburus, Sedatus, probably Savus; others should be regarded as Celtic: Adsalluta, Iuppiter Culminalis and Depulsor, as well as the Nutrices - although the last three mentioned divinities were Romanized to the extent that they were worshipped under their Latin names. It might perhaps be interesting to note that despite the relatively close vicinity of Aquileia and Emona, the divine patron of Aquileia, Belenus, although otherwise documented outside Aquileia, has not been attested on any dedication found between Emona and Poetovio. BIBLIOGRAPHY ABRAMIC 1925 ALFÖLDI 1927/28 ALFÖLD Y 1974 ALFÖLDY 1989 ALFÖLDY 1996 BOZIC 1987 CIGLENECKI 1987 CHIRASSI COLOMBO 1976 DE LAET 1949 DIEZ 1992 DOBÓ 1975 EGGER 1914 FALKNER 1948 FITZ 1993-95 GURLITT 1896 HORVÁT 1990 JEVREMOV 1988 KAJANTO 1965 M. ABRAMIC, Poetovio. Führer durch die Denkmäler der römischen Stadt. Wien, 31-32; 78-79. A. ALFÖLDI, Siscia. Vorarbeiten zu einem Corpus der in Siscia geprägten Römermünzen. NK, XXVI-XXVII, 47, nos. 14 and 2. G. ALFÖLDY, Noricum. London-Boston, 1974. G. ALFÖLDY, Die Krise des Imperium Romanum und die Religion Roms. in: Religion und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit. Kolloquium zu Ehren von F. Vittinghoff, 81-82. = Die Krise des Römischen Reiches, 370-371. G. ALFÖLDY, in: SASEL KOS 1996a, no. 115, in print. D. BOZIC, Keltska kultúra и Jugoslaviji. Zapadna grupa (The Celtic Culture in Yugoslavia. The Western Group), in: Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja, V, 855-897. S. CIGLENECKI, Höhenbefestigungen aus der Zeit vom 3. bis 6. Jh. im Ostalpenraum (Visinske utrdbe iz casa 3. do 6 st. v vzhod-noalpskem prostoru). 65-67. I. CHIRASSI COLOMBO, I culti locali nelle regioni alpine, in: Aquileia e l'arco alpino orientale. Antichita Altoadriatiche, IX, 173-206. S. J. DE LAET, Portorium. Étude sur l'organisation douanière chez les Romains, surtout à l'époque du Haut-Empire. Bruge. E. DIEZ, Nutrices. in: Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae, VI/1, 936-938, and VI/2, 620-622. A. DOBÓ, Inscriptiones extra fines Pannóniáé Daciaeque repertae ad res earundem provinciarum pertinentes. Budapest. R. EGGER, Colatio. JÖAI, XVII, Bbl. 65-68. M. FALKNER, Die norischen Personennamen auf-и und ihre kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung, in: Arbeiten aus dem Institut für allgemeine und vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft. Graz, Heft 1, 39-54. J. FITZ, Die Verwaltung Pannoniens in der Römerzeit. I-IV Budapest. W. GURLITT, Pettauer Antiken. AEM, XIX, 1-25. J. HORVÁT, Nauportus (Vrhnika). Ljubljana. B. JEVREMOV, Vodnikpo lapidariju. Ptuj. I. KAJANTO, The Latin Cognomina. Conimentationes Humanarum Litterarum 36,2 Helsinki. 21