Fitz Jenő (szerk.): Die aktuellen Fragen der Bandkeramik - István Király Múzeum közelményei. A. sorozat 18. A Pannon konferenciák aktái 1. (Székesfehérvár, 1972)
R. R. Newell: A hollandiai vonaldíszes kerámia korakő-eszközeinek rokonsága a közéső kőkori kőeszköziparral
These percentages, in chronological order, give the following graph (Graph III). The second method, the Chi-square test<12) (X2), was applied to the Period I and II industries as well as all the successive Sub-Period transitions in order to further quantify and test the statistical significances of the respective variations*131. This test clearly established that the industry of Period I differs significantly from that of Period II and secondly, that that difference only manifests itself as significant at the Id/IIb transition. The transitions between the other Sub-Periods are not statistically significant. From the results of both tests, it is apparent that a significant discontinuity in the range of sequential variation is present at the Id/IIb transition. At no other point in the developmental and and chronological series is there such a pronounced difference as that found between Id and lib. Therefore, as the degree of similarity between lb and Ic, 85.32%, and between Ic and Id, 84.67%, is significantly higher than the similarity between Id and lib, 77.25% or Id and lie, 77.69%; the Id/IIb transition forms a dividing line between the two respectively more closely related halves of the complete assemblage.Furthermore, a comparison of the internal developments of both periods reveals no parallel or correlation. Therefore as the Id/IIb transition is characterised by the greatest degrees of difference and as the Sub-Periods to both sides of this line are mutually more closely related to each other than to the other Period, this transition must be taken as the dividing line between the two successive developments. This division is paralleled and complemented by the pottery and houseplan developments. The Id/IIb division then marks a new departure in the development of the flint industry of the Dutch Bandkeramik. This divergence is manifest in the adoption of new types, the absence of older types, differences in the percentages of thirteen of the fifteen type-groups, differences in the percentages of the constituent types within their respective groups, and finally by a number of technological improvements. The new types are the Heart-Shaped Point 12 13 (12) This test is justified and applicable as the material excavated is a reliable sample of ± 25 % of the areas of three separate sites. Furthermore, the dated specimens are taken exclusively from sealed pits which can certainly be assigned to a houseplan and/or dated by 30 decorated sherds. (13) For this test, the last four type groups were combined to form a collective group, the Axe Element. In the tests of the Sub-Period transitions, further contractions were necessary in order to maintain the reliability of the continuous Chi-square distribution. The Borers and Burins were combined into cell 2; the Miniature Scrapers and the Double Scrapers were grouped with the Short Scrapers in cell 3; and the Planes were placed with the Side Scrapers. Although this was rather a drastic condensation of the archaeological system, it made no difference in the final result. Longer forms of the test were in primary agreement with the structure described above. The complete statistics of the Algol program 624 (Alcon tr4) are given in the original publication. and the Disc Burin. Isosceles Triangles, Trapezes, and Blade Burins, represented in Period I only to the extent of one specimen each, expand dynamically. Microliths are absent in Period II and „Tardenois” Points and Large Asymmetrical Triangles are represented by only one specimen each. More indicative of the Period II divergence are the marked discontinuities in the percentages of the type-groups. Eight groups display a sharp reduction at the Period I/II transition. The Points are reduced by more than half. Burins are absent in lia and lib. Miniature Scrapers drop 10% of their Id value, while Double Scrapers are absent in lib and end Period II at a quarter of their importance in I. Discoid Scrapers are reduced by more than half and Flake Axes by almost 10% of their Id percentage. Finally, Planes are missing in lib and drop, finishing Period II at half their quantitative importance in I. While eight of the tvpegroups are reduced, five groups clearly increase in number. The Long Scrapers spring from 13.32% in Id to 22.90% in IIb, 28.90% in lie, and end at 23.50%. This expansion is paralleled by the Knives, which are almost doubled in Period lib. Short End Scrapers increase by 4.75% and Side Scrapers climb to 5.93% from 0.95% in Id. Finally, the Triangular Implement, absent from Ic and Id, forms 0.85% of lib and ends Period II almost 200",, above its percentage in I. By way of contrast, two of the type-groups display no clear break at the I/II transition. The Borers appear to steadily increase from lb, across the transition to lie. However, a comparison of the respective Period Total indices indicates that the type is constant. Such a pattern also characterises the last group, the Axe Insets. The fourth industrial trait which defines the Period I/II discontinuity is the alteration of percentages of the constituent types within their respective typegroups. Nine of the eleven Point types display a variation of 50 % or more, while the long Symmetrical Triangle decreases by a third. Of all the types, only the Leaf-Shaped Point remains constant. Miniature Borers are reduced by more than half and Disc Borers by almost half. Short Blade Borers also diminish in importance. These types are replaced, in Period II, by a 300% expansion of Long Blade Borers. In the second Period, the Blade Burin replaces the Flake Burin as the most numerous type, while the Miniature Scrapers display a less definite internal variation. The types most indicative of the I/II discontinuity are the Short and Long End Scrapers. Within the former, the Straight and the Denticulated types reach their highest values in Id and then are reduced by more than half in lib. The Convex and Oblique Short End Scrapers begin in lb with the latter as the most important type. This pattern is retained throughout Period I but is reversed in II. The Long End Scrapers are very limited in number in Period I. Nevertheless, as far as the scanty figures can be relied upon, the separate types display very little variation from lb through Id. In Period II, the Straight and Convex Long Scrapers decrease in value while the Denticulate 13
