Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 5. (Csongrád, 2002.)

Deák József Áron: A Csongrád környéki táj története a XVIII. század végétől napjainkig élőhelytérképek tükrében

There happened isolated locust-tree, Pinus nigra and sylvestris, and cultivated poplar plantations in the sandy area of Bokros. The nordic side of the Bokros-puszta was also broken up reducing further the area of grasslands. The Bökény area which has valuable soils was built in with garden-houses and housing-estates. Instead of the former vegetable growing now the small field cereal cultivation is the dominant. After the compensation in the 1990'

s there were attempts to cut off the old willow-poplar forests but the local environmental NGO (Town Society of Environmentalists and Nature Conservation of Csongrád) maneged to hinder it partly. This NGO encourages the naturalfriendly forestry, but the owners are not interested in it as they want a lot of money at once. The area of the small-field plough-lands incresed especially in the surrrounding of the settlements. Unfortunatelly a lot of hamlet were abandond as the owners were died and the younger didn't want to continue the running of these farmyards. This process began in the socialist era but hasn't stopped in the present days. Grassland broking up also happened. Unfortunatelly there are not many attempts to plant near-to natural forests or to do extensive livestock-farming which could preserve or increase the area of the remaining grasslands. The present situation is summarized in the CLC-CET map of Csongrád which is based on my observations. One typical part of this river-side landscape is the Csongrád-Nagyrét Nature Reserve which is my closer searching area. This area became protected on the base of my searchings in 1996. It's present borders were suggested by me finding a compromise between the agriculture, forestry and nature protection. It meant that just the most natural areas in the present flood-area and the 4 saved-side backwaters (Mámairéti Holt-Tisza, Ellésparti Holt-Tisza, DögKörös, Rázsonyi Holt-Körös) became protected. It was necessary to prepare the treating plan for this nature reserve to avoid possible conflicts with the land users pobrosi-Deák-Deák 2002). So I made the 1:25.000 m-ÁNÉR biotop-map of Nagyrét Nature Reserve describing the state of the certain biotops (see in Deák 2001). This map clearly shows that the area preserved willow-poplar forests and wetlands in quite a big area, but the cultivated poplar forests are also present. In these forests the change for native species is advised. The mapping happened in 2000 when a lot of inland waters occured clearly drowing the forgotten former riverbeds. In these areas instead of cultivation of plant the grassland rehabilitation and extensive livestock-farming is recommended. There is one attempt for raising Hungarian grey cows. This maps informs us e.g. on the present structure of fields, where what is produced, the distribution of fallows and hamlets. 4. Conclusion There are several prospectives where the biotop mapping can be used. It's minimum main aim to obtain a detailed full view on Hungary's natural heritage. That's why the Academy of Hungary's Institute of Ecology and Botany has organized programmes to collect all the available information which is in the field people's mind and records. The first programme was the Intensive Botanical Data Collecting (IBOA) which happened in 2001 with the help of the mÁNER system. The data collectors had to order biotop categories to a hexade (10x10 meters) shown on a SPOT-4 satellite image with the help of ArcView geoinformatical software and characterize the biotops (e.g. with their size, quality accordig to Seregélyes, endangeredship, reference species). This databasis contains 113.000 biotop records on 41.300 hexade of 169 collègues (the author did 708 hexades with 1907 biotops) covering 25-30% of Hungary's natural landscapes. The first results were published in IBOA-atlas 1.0 (2002) (the author's name is mentioned at 12 maps among the main data collectors). Of course further data checking is necessary. The accessibility to this database will be discussed later.