A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve: Studia Historica 10. (Szeged, 2007)

MAROSVÁRI Attila: A földbirtokviszonyok változása és a mezőgazdasági nagyüzemek helyzete Kiszomboron 1890 és 1990 között

In course of the land-reform, 2800 acres were distributed within the settlement, providing the landless with mostly 4-6 acres of landed property. These land sizes, nonetheless, were insufficient for intensive farming, as well as the strengthening Communist party urged the adaptation of the Soviet type kolkhoz system in Hungary. The first coDective farm was founded in the settlement already in spring of 1945, but it proved to be ineffective. The more intensive and propagandized formation of collective farms took place from 1948. Between 1945 and 1956 two collective farms were formulated. Greater part of the land was cultivated in framework of a state farm and in small farms. Collective farms did not grow stronger in the voluntarist economic environment of the 1950s, so they immediately fell apart in the revolution of 1956. Reformulation of collective farms was carried out until 1960 with the help of aggressive agitation; and even those intending to stay away from collective farming were forced to join the newly founded collective farms. While in 1959 from the 8318 acres arable land of the settlement only 2405 acres belonged to the so called "Socialist sector", thus 71% of the arable land in the settlement was owned by smallholders; at the beginning of 1960 the rate of landed property owned by the collective farms and the state exceeded 70%. After 1956 four new collective farms were founded, two of them proved to be active in the long-run: the József Attila Collective Farm formulated by the fusion of Előre and Dózsa Collective Farms, and the Lenin Collective Farm formulated by the fusion of Haladás and Május 1. farms and a collective farm of Makó. These two farms performed intensive productive agricultural and stock raising activity (mainly dairy production) as modern and many-sided estates until the change of regime in 1990. Besides them a plant breeder farm settled in the village in 1962 developed to a large estate performing plant breeding experiments and elite seed-corn production (autumn wheat, oil plants, broomcorn) in the 70s on a territory of almost 1000 acres. It worked as part of the Southern Hungarian Agricultural Experimental Institute of Szeged, then as a part of its successor, the Experimental Institute For Cereal Research. In the milder political climate of the Kádár regime smaller farms could strengthen. At the beginning of the 1970s 1424 small farms cultivated land of altogether 1270 acres. Almost half of these farms had the land cultivated in a collective form, thus they did not farm independently. However, the collective farm and the Experimental Institute provided some people with so called household lands to cultivate. They marketed the produced excess partly through the collective farms, partly via the buyer-companies of the state and collective farms.