A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1982/83-1. (Szeged, 1985)

Régészet - Horváth Ferenc: Contributions to the Early and Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Alföld

among the pottery-forms. The cattle-burials are characteristic in this group too.

4 On a Kostolac pot from Ószentiván the direct effect of the Vucedol ornaments can be recognized (PI. I. No. I.).

5 Without excavation it is difficult to decide whether the Retz

—Gajáry-type artifact (PI. I. No. 2) are belonging to this Early Bronz Age peripod, they form an earlier independent horizont, or mean simple import peaces.

6 Surely not the historical situation was the different from that of Rumanian one, but the reached level of the research was signed by the lack of the sites in the Eastern part of the Great Plain in case of the Cotofeni culture too. That is why the numerous sites, and the vast territory of the Cotofeni culture get to end straight at the line of the Rumanian border.

7 The exploration of the Cotofeni culture-sites is the task of the presently working archeological-topographical field-research too. It became obvious that the people of the pitgrave kurgans — which was supposed to have a significant role in the formation of the Early Bronze-Age of this region •— was not in connection with the starting of the Early Bronze-Age neither chronologically nor on the base of the finds in this way, as it had been thought before. On the base of the research work done in Rumania as well as the grave goods found in Csongrád István Ecsedy places the first appearance of the people of pit-grave kurgans to have taken place at the time of the Bodrogkeresztur-culture. The best parallels of pit-grave burials in Hungary were discovered in the west of the Soviet Union, in Rumania and in Bulgaria well within the period of the Cernavoda III-Í elei and early Baden as well as early Cotofeni cultures. Thus, instead of a pit-grave invasion which was supposed to have taken place in the earliest period of our Bronze Age Ecsedy calls attention to a zone showing a manifold cultural connection between the Moldva and the Tisza-Region.

8 The sporadic presence of the corded ware finds howerer (Békésszentandrás, Pl. I. No.5.,

9 Szerbkeresztur

—Srpski Krstur, PI. I. No. 4.

10 Kiskunfélegyháza, Öttömös and Pitvaros

11

) contrary to the opinion of I. Ecsedy-could mean an evidence for the third wave of the Pit Grave People at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. This situation was probably similar as the corded ware-elements appeared in the Choplice

—Veséié—Nitra group, in the Drassburg group, the PreHatvan-culture and in the Schneckenberg culture.

12 So the Makó group has to be considered as the first more or less well-known group in the Early Bronze Age in the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). Although the relationship of the finds of the group appearing in our region connected to the whole culture cannot be solved on the bases of the finds known in the South-Alföld at the moment, not to mention the internal chronology. In 1971 new Early Bronze Age finds were described by Béla Kürti and on the bases 4 Banner—Kutzián. 1961. 1—32; В. Kutzián, I. 1973. 42—44. B Ószentiván, Káity J. telke. MFM. Szeged. Ő. 53.105.1. 6 Ismeretlen lelőhely. MFM. Szeged, Ő. 53.117.155; Dimitrijevié, S. 1980. Taf. 19.2; Feltehetően ugyanide sorolandó a Kiszombor N- lelőhely kerámiaanyagának egy része is. 7 Roman, P. 1976. Pl. 1—2 (between pages 108—109). 8 Ecsedy, I. 1971. 9—17; 1975. 277—284; 1979. 47—52. 9 Békésszentandrás. Szentes Museum. 54.109.1. Arch. Topographia Site no. 51. 10 Garasanin, M. 1973. Tabla 47. 11 Szeged, MFM 53. 77.11. Kiskunfélegyháza—Páka puszta (Pl. 1. No. 3). Kiskunfélegyháza, 56.51.1., Öttömös, MFM 82.1.1. Pl. No. 6., Pitvaros Grave No. 23. Bóna, I. 1965. 19. 12 Toöik, A. 1963. Obr. 246:1,6,7,9, Obr. 252,2, 3, 5—6. Budínsky—Kriöka, V. 1965, Roman, P. 1973,6—7. Benkovsky, Z—Pivarová: 1981. Taf. 3., KaliczN. 1968. 53—55, Taf. 1.13,RoskaM. 1914. 418—420, Dinnyés I, 1973, Pl. II. 9. 56