A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1982/83-1. (Szeged, 1985)

Régészet - Hegedűs Katalin: The Settlement of the Neolithic Szakálhát-Group at Csanytelek–Újhalastó

its presence). The orientation of the northern long wall was E-SE 110°—W-NW, the section of the trench showed a dished bottom. House 4. This house was excavated in quadrates 61—62. The 11m long section of the bedding trench of the southern long wall was uncovered in quadrate 61. The bottom of the E-W oriented

3 40 cm wide foundation trench lay at a depth of 10—15 cm as measured from the discolorification. No traces of possible postholes were observed in the trench. The roof was supported by three rows of posts running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the house. The depth of the postholes uncovered within the house varied, the majority having been dug 0.8 m deeper than the foundation trench. Three of these were double postholes which can perhaps be interpreted as renewals

4

. Fig. 4 shows the Neolithic settlement features excavated on the territory of the Scythian cemetery during 1979—1980. M. Galántha recorded in drawing a total of 58 pits. 38 of these 58 pits yielded Szakálhát-type finds. Of the 38 pits which yielded finds only the following can be published adequately. Quadrate 91, pit "B". Oval pit with steep sides having a depth of 0.80 cm. It was dug into the yellow subsoil only to a few cm. It was first observed at a depth of 0.85—0.90 m. Quadrate 91, pit "C". The discoloured patch indicating the pit was rounded. The pit was cut into the virgin soil to a depth of 0.37 cm. Slightly wavy sides adjoined a dished bottom. It was filled with dark grey earth which contained numerous Unio shells, scanty zoological material and a few Szakálhát-type sherds. Quadrate 91, pit "D". This pit could only be excavated partially since half of it was destroyed by a Scythian burial. Pits "G", "H", "I", "Q" and "V" are mentioned in the excavation diary as yielding Neolithic finds. Quadrate 18, pit "XX". Large beehive-shaped pit, rich in Szakálhát-type finds. Pit "XXII". Its lower third widened into a beehive shape. It yielded Szakáihát finds. Pit "XXIV". The round patch indicating the pit had a diameter of 1 m. The pit had steep sides, its floor was even ; it had a depth of 0.40 m. Numerous fragments of thick-walled household pottery were recovered from its fill together with scanty zoological material. Pit "XXV". Steep-sided pit with even floor having a diameter of 1 m. It contained a few atypical Szakálhát-type finds. Pit "XXVI". The patch indicating the presence of the pit was oval in shape and was dug into the virgin soil to a depth of 0.25—0.30 m. The excavation diary mentions sherds with an incised S-motif and cattle bones from this pit. Pit "XXVII". Oval, steep-sided pit with an even floor cut into the subsoil to a depth of 0.35 m. Pit "XXVIII". The discolorification indicating the pit was first observed at the feet of the skeleton lying in grave 115 (Neolithic). On the basis of the drawing it would appear that the pit was earlier than the burial. Pit "XXIX". The oval patch indicating the pit was observed in the southwestern corner of house 2 at a depth of 0.35 m. 3 The orientation of house 4 was exactly the same as that of house 1. 4 The author is inclined to interpret these double postholes somewhat differently : these posts probably belonged to the granary part of the house, with one of the posts supporting the roof, the other one an raised floor, which erved as protection against vermin. 14