A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1971. 2. (Szeged, 1974)

Marcsik, Antónia: Data of the Copper Age anthropological find of Bárdos-farmstead at Csongrád-Kettőshalom

A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve 1971 j 2 DATA OF THE COPPER AGE ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIND OF BÁRDOS-FARMSTEAD AT CSONGRÁD-KETTŐSHALOM ANTÓNIA MARCSIK (Szeged, Institute of Anthropology, József Attila University) The anthropological material of the Copper Age grave of Bárdos-farmstead at Csongrád Kettőshalom consists of the light yellow, but sporadically red-coloured, complete skeletal bones of an adult person, in good state of preservation that can be found in the Institute of Anthropology of the József Attila University (Number of inventory: 7620). Its sex is — on the basis of the cranium, long bones and the angulus of pelvis — unquestionably male. His age at death can be concluded from the morphological deformations observed in the cranium and on the symphysial faciès of pelvis characteristic of the age at death, as well as from the height of cone of the medullary space of humerus, from the rarefaction of the bone-tissue of the femoral fasciculus trochantericus and arciformis. The cranial sutures are open. Some ossification had begun only on the endocranial surface, in the obelic part of the sagittal suture. Taking into consideration in this respect the classification of Martin (1928), as well as that of Todd and Lyon (1924), his age at death can be put at 30 years, owing to the deformations of skeletal bones mentioned above (Nemeskéri—Harsányi, 1958), at 40 years. In this way, his average age of life can be estimated at 35 years. On the basis of metrical and morphological values the find can be characterized as follows. For characterizing it I have used Martin

—Sailer's method (1957) and Hug's (1940) absolute categories. The neurocranium is long, narrow, of medium height; it is dolichocranic, chamaecranic, metriocranic. The calculated cranial capacity is 1444 cm

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, euencephalic. The contour of cranium is in norma verticalis pentagonoid, in norma occipitalis hause-shaped. The protuberantia occipitalis externa is of third degree, the processus mastoideus is vigorous. The forehead is somewhat bent, of medium breadth and eurymetopic. The glabella is of fourth degree. The face is broad, medium height, euryprosopic and mesence. On the basis of its facial profile angle it is orthognathous, the fossa canina is of third degree, there cannot any alveolar prognathism. (For forming a judgment of the latter one, I took a stand on Lipták's (1971). The orbit is angular and mesoconch, the nose is medium prognathous, mesorrhine. The spina nasalis anterior is of fourth degree. The dental curve is U-shaped, the palate is brachystaphyline. (The most important individual measurements, indices and morphological features of the cranium are summarized in Table 1.) The sites of adhesion of strong muscles seen on the long bones and on the scapula are referring to the robust bony frame of the person in question and that is shown also by the robustness index of clavicle (26,96) and humerus (22,54). The scapula is height and medium broad. The clavicle, apart from being robust, is long, 19