A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1971. 2. (Szeged, 1974)

Ecsedy, István: A New Item Relating the Connections with the East in the Hungarian Copper Age

the bracelet and the "small copper-pipe" bent from two copper-plates found in the grave can be found — among others — in the treasure of Carbuna and in Habasesti.

ia The string of beads made of Unio-shells discovered in the 2nd grave points to the above mentioned graves of Tshapli and to Marosdécse.

13 The burial-place excavated near the Moldavian Kainari and dated by the vessel of Tripolye BI type is of outsanding importance both from the point of view of the relative chronology and the historical connections. Here the man buried in the grave was lying in supine position with the legs drawn up under a small tumulus .The interment contained a large quantity of ochre, the vessel of Tripolje mentioned above, two stoneblades and a nucleus as well as a copper-bracelet and a copper torques. Both the bracelet and the torques have pointed ends and very likely both had the above mentioned beads made of Unio-shells known from the graves of Srednij Stog II and from Marosdécse. This burial-place is — according to Movsha — the earliest kurgan burial in the area of the Tripolye culture and it can be connected to the early Yamnaya kurgans dated by the pottery of the type Sredni Stog II.

14 Consequently, we can record the grave as one of the relics of the earliest connections of the Sredni Stog II-early Yamnaya and the Tripolye tribes. These connections became livelier especially in the phase Tripolye В П., С I. It is manifested by the shell-like slimming, stamped and often corded pottery with rough cross-hatched surface occurring in the Tripolye settlements

15

, and by the "C" pottery appearing on the territory of Rumania later in the Cucuten A

—

В and period B.

16 According to Movsha it is due to these strengthening connections that the burials in supine position with the legs drawn up became widespread in the Tripolye culture.

17 In connection with these issues and bearing upon the relationship of the Copper Age-Early Bronze Age with the steppe in general the ochregrave of Casimcea is of outstanding importance, and the problem of the stone mace-head shaped like a horse's head found here.

18 What refers to the assumption that the interment represents an earlier phase of the connections with the east the scientists have a more or less similar standing-point. Berciu expresses in several of his works his view that the grave of Casimcea is a burial-place of the Cernavoda culture and he tries to date it by the radiocarbon data of Ceamurlia de Jos's "ochre-grave".

19 In our 12 Сергеев Г. П., Раннетрипольский клад у с. Карбуна. CA 1963. 139. 4—6; Клейн Л. С, О дате карбунского клада. Проблемы археологии I. Ленинград 1968. 5—74. (It gives a through analysis of the objects of the Karbuna treasure and the connections of the Copper Age in Hungary.) Dumitrescu, V., Le dépôt d'objects de parure de Häbäsesti et le problème des rapports entre les tribus de la civilisation de Cucuteni et les tribus des steppes pontiques. Dacia N. S. I. 1957. 74—76. 13 Богдянский О. В., Археолопя, XX. Юев 1968. 118. 14 Мовша Т. В.

—Чеботаренко Г. Ф., Энеолитическое курганное погребение у ст. Каинары в Молдавии. КСИА 115. Москва 1969. 45—49. 15 Мовша Т. Г., О связах племен трипольской культуры со степными племенами медного века. CA 1961. 2. 186—199. 16 Dumitrescu, V., op. cit. 94—95; The Date of Earliest Western Expansion of the Kurgan Tribes. Dacia N. S. VII. 1963. 496. note 5. See also: Morintz, S.

—Roman, P., Über die Chronologie der Übergangszeit vom Aeneolithikum zur Bronzezeit in Rumänien. Dacia N. S. XIII. 1969. 67. 17 Мовша Т. Г., К вопросу о трипольских погребениях с обрядом трупоположения. Материалы и исследования по археологии юго-запада СССР и Руминской Народной Республики. Кишинев. I960. 18 Popescu, D., La tombe à ocre de Casimcea (Dobrogea) Dacia 85—91. To the problem of the Casimcea sceptrum and its analogies: Berciu, D., A Zoomorphic „Sceptre" Discovered in the People's Republic of Bulgaria and its cultural and chronological Position. Dacia N. S. VI. 1962. 397—409. 19 Berciu, D., op. cit., ср. id., Contribuai la problemele neoliticului in Romania in luminanoilor cercetäri. Bukarest 1961. 137. id., Romania before Burebista. London 1967. 74—75. 14