A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1968. (Szeged, 1968)

Gallé, László: The xerothermic lichen species cladonia magyarica VAIN

advantage of the method is that, already at the first inoculation, we have obtained a pure culture undisturbed by the presence of penicillia or bacteria either in sugared or in sugarless culture media. The cultures, obtained after the first series being inoculated, could be bred pure, inoculated three-four times again and again. The alga of the pure culture was a gonidium isolated from the lichen thallus originated from the „Csengele" wood. The alga cells nearly spherical, of a size changing between 8-18 /t. The cells had a big yellowish-green chromatophore (Code des Couleurs: jaune vert No. 276), filling up the cell completely. The surface of the chromatophore is smooth, appearing sometimes finely granular. With a gentian-blue staining, a nucleus of the size 1,5-2 ß of central site may be demonstrated. The cell wall gives a violet cellulose reaction with chlorzinciodine. The cells contain a large quantity of oil, well-visible even without staining. As a result of a staining with Sudan III, the spread small oil drope run together into a bright orange drop. The oil content is large compare with the size of cell, filling up about one-third part of them. In the cultures the cells form groups, as a consequence of the way of their division, resp. multiplication. The gonidium algae have mostly multiplied in the cultures by forming autospores. The chromatophore of uniformly green colour became turbid in the cells fully developed, some granulation has appeared in it. Later on, this granulation became stronger, forming small, at first irregular clodes later transformed into regular spherules. These spherical autospores have more and more increased, filling up, at last, completely the interior of the sporangium cell. After being delivered, six-seven autospores have increased remaining together and forming thus mulberry-like bunches. These bunches are giving the cell groups appearing in the pure cultures. Whether the autospores had got into the open air by bursting the wall of the sporangium cell or by breaking up the whole cell, it could be observed that some autospores remained inside the cellwall cover emptied. The two-three autospores left over again began forming new cell groups. The autospores are of small regular spheric shape, with rather dark yellowish-green chromatophore, filling in the cell cavity completely. In older age, a nucleus can be demonstrated in them with gentian-blue staining. When the autospores are reaching the size of normal gonidia and the state of their physiological maturity, they become even themselves autosporangia. In pure gonidium cultures also a multiplication by isogametes can often be observed. We have studied the substance coming from the culture in distilled water. In five minutes after taking out the material, the uniformly green chromatophore became granular, decomposing first dimly but later well discernibly into several oval particles that, increassing and eventually crowded, have completely filled the interior of the mother cell. It the meantime, on the cell wall of the mother cell, in the form of a cap-like protrusion, the site of the future discharge has become visible. The gametes, incrassed and crowded, had carried aut a great pressure on the cell wall that quickly opened with a small round hole at the site of leaving mentioned above. Through the opening produced in this way the mass of gametes being still immobile in the cell was slowly pressed out, surrounded by a greenish jelly-like viscous substance. In the mass pressed out and placed spherically before the orifice of the mother cell 16* 243