A Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 35. (Békéscsaba, 2012)
Kelemen Éva - Kristály Ferenc - Tóth Mária - Rózsa Péter - Bajnóczi Bernadett - Nyilas István - Papp István: Archeometriai vizsgálatok Békés megyei középkori templomok építőanyagain
Kelemen E. - Kristály F. - Tóth M. - Rózsa P. - Bajnóczi B. - Nyilas I. - Papp I. Archaeometric analyses of building materials from medieval churches of Békés county, Hungary- Éva Kelemen - Ferenc Kristály - Mária Tóth - Péter Rózsa - Bernadett Bajnóczi - István Nyilas - István Papp Resume This study presents the results of a comparative archaeometric analysis performed on the excavated building material (52 stone, 31 brick and 44 mortar samples) of seven rural churches (10-16* centuries), one ancestral monastery and two settlements from the Arpad Age. The aim of the comparative analysis was to identify the building materials used at each excavation sites and their source quarries and to define historical distribution of use. In the case of brick samples the aim was to define composition and firing temperatures, while for mortar samples to compare mortar compositions found in different areas, buildings and building periods. Based on the available data it is presumed that the stone samples examined can be associated with source quarries situated along River Maros and the source area of River Körös. In some cases direct evidences of source quarries were found. Complementing archaeological and historical data with the results of archaeometric analyses it is established that the brick samples were manufactured from locally available clay and loess raw materials with einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) chaff and sand and grog temper. Based on the phase composition, the bricks were fired at 650-850 °C firing temperature most probably in local kilns. Firing temperature depended on the precise location of the bricks in the kiln. Differences were found between the proportions of sand and carbonate contents of mortar samples used in walls and in the foundation of rural churches and ancestral monasteries. Time-period-dependent changes of the quantity of carbonate content were identified. Kelemen Eva Debreceni Egyetem Ásvány- és Földtani Tanszék H-4024 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1. kelemene69@yahoo. com 112
