A Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 20. - Száz éve alakult a Békéscsabai Múzeum-Egyesület (Békéscsaba, 1999)

Nagyné Martyin Emília: Romanian folk-embroideries in Hungary

Nagyné Martyin Emília hány darabjukba a gyermek nevét is beledolgozták színes pamuttal. Méhkeréken például még az 1970-es években is készítettek ilyen rececsipkéket. Bár a bevezetőben említett okok miatt a hazai románok által készített textíliák településenként, korszakonként és textilféleségenként különbségeket mutatnak, dolgozatomban megkíséreltem bemutatni ezek általánosan jellemző legfontosabb ismérveit. Romanian folk-embroideries in Hungary -Nagyné Martyin Emília Résumé National culture of Romanian in Hungary involves different elements from cultures of the Hungarian and other nations, but since they arrived from not the same original place in their today residence, it is evident that cultural elements of Romanian population of different settlements show different characteristics. Thus cultural differences on the one hand were given becouse of the different original places and on the other hand were developed during the living together in their new residence inside boundary of the given settlement. We can present homespuns and embroideries of the period spreading from the middle of last century on the basis of the memory and the remained textiles respectively when they are elements of a changed folklore culture, so it is difficult to choose the specific romanian characteristics. Woven - sewn - embroidered textiles are especially the elements of peasant home inside what bear romanian characteristics. It is typical of all romanian communities that recognizing the worth of textiles made with lengthy, expertise work they preserved them. It is common occurence, that textiles preserved worried about them during time of more generations, made for long years are together in big quantity by one or another romanian family, give a good base for studying change of technical resolvings and decorating methods. Embroidered decorations were used mostly on the things what were intended for festive occasions. Those were some costume pieces or textiles belong to household equipments. Bedspreads, sheets, pillows, table-clothes, gala towels, curtains, wallhangings can be ranked among these. Among textiles the funeral sheets deserve special attention, since their decoration technique, composition and ormanents used on them distinguish them from other textiles. Considering the whole romanian folk art the embroidery takes a significant place in it, as it is enough only to think of colourful decorations with varied design of costume pieces and textiles serving for decorating household equipments. On the other hand the embroidery in the circle of domestic Romanian is not so varied. The appearance of decorations worked out mostly with white-embroideries is modest, but rather lengthy work presumable with high technical knowledge was required for them. The feature of motive treasure of the domestic romanian textiles are so that geometrical decorations and vegetal ormanents are present stressed in compositions, and we can meet significantly less zoomorphic representation than in hungarian or in romanian material. (Translated by Schaferné Веке Katalin) 242