A Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 16. - A millecentenárium évében (Békéscsaba, 1996)

Jankovich B. Dénes: Adatok a Körösvidék középkori vízrajzához és a vizek hasznosításához

Adatok a Körösvidék középkori vízrajzához és a vizek hasznosításához and characteristics, if any, are also quoted in this chapter. For instance, the oak forests were in majority in this region, in connection with the extended marshlands. In the second part can be found the data having been collected on the exploitation of waters. Ditches, channels, dams, bridges, ferries, wells, mills, baths are enumerated. The medieval and Turkish sources were also rewiewed in connection with fishing and shipping. There were at least 17 toll-points (telonii) along the Körös, which were not always joined with ferries but also with shallows (vadum) or sometimes they were only toll thorough (see map No 2.). The most spread form of exploitation of water were the water-mills. More than 70 water-mills have been enumerated. Their number increased century by century and, by the middle of the 16th century, actually all medieval villages had at least one, or sometimes more water-mills. Most of them were used for flour producing, but more and more had double function: grinding and fullery. It can also be observed that the majority of these water mills had been established in the flatland, on the middle reach of the river. We have not known any in the mountain region and also very few on the lower reach of the Hármas (Trial) Körös. (See map No 1.) Some late medieval data are also known on floads caused by dams of mills. (Translated by D. Jankovich B.) Jankovich B. Dénes MTA Régészeti Intézete Budapest, Úri u. 49. 1250 347