Tóth Arnold (szerk.): Néprajz - muzeológia: Tanulmányok a múzeumi tudományok köréből a 60 éves Viga Gyula tiszteletére (Miskolc, 2012)

AGRÁRTÖRTÉNET - AGRÁRETNOGRÁFIA - TAKÁCS PÉTER: Malmok, kallók és egyéb vízi szerkezetek Zemplén vármegyében a 18. század végén (Kísérlet egy emberi létszükséglet kielégítésének kronológiai és regionális korlátok közötti feltárására)

MILLS AND OTHER WATER STRUCTURES IN ZEMPLÉN COUNTY IN THE 18. CENTURY People utilized raw power of nature to sustain life before the industrial revolution. They used the energy of the water and the wind in addition to human and animal power in order to produce goods (food, clothing, etc.). One energy-consuming activity was the grinding of cereals. They have done this with the energy of wind and water in addition of animal power. People made dry-, windand water mills. Their use was depending on natural conditions in the region. There were two types of powdered mill in Zemplén county due to terrain and water conditions. There was a dry mill operated by animal power in 30-40 villages in the plain Zemplén and Tokaj-Hegyalja. There were water mill grinds about 400 settlements. The rivers of Tisza and Bodrog which border the county from the south and had rich water output were in accessible by wagon in spring and in autumn because of their extensive flood area. Flood plains of the Tisza and Bodrog was inaccessible by cart. This section of the rivers was built mill rarely. They used to build mills, oil presses, cloth manufacturing on the rivers and brooks (Hernád, Sajó, Labore, Latorca, Tapolya, Olyka and Ondava). Attached table in the paper shows their number and location. [Translated by the author] Péter Takács 643