Belényesy Károly: Pálos kolostorok az Abaúji-Hegyalján (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye régészeti emlékei 3. Miskolc, 2004)
PAULINE FRIARIES IN THE ABAÚJ HEGYALJA REGION
the inner structure of the vicary. However, it can be supposed that these corporate appearances are occasional, and can be interpreted as the result of their interdependence. Each monastery had its own circle of donators, own incomes and practice in acquisition of estates. They have their own separate channels of communication with the vicary (1402, 187 1558, 188 1569 189 ) the center of the order (1384, 190 1415 191 ) and also with individual communities of the region (Dédes1419, l92 Terebes-1551 193 ) In regard to the causes of the development of such group inside the order, it is worth to involve other parts of the country into the investigation, where Pauline monasteries are located. The traces of such inner organization is not unusual, moreover, it appears as a typical feature of the order. Investigations of other hilly areas, where Paulines settled, revealed similar sections of monasteries to the monasteries of Abaúj. On the grounds of similar topographical arrangement, parallel features can be observed among the individual groups. The intensive usage of the catchment zone is one of the main characteristics, which means the concentrated appearance of smaller communities inside a micro region (For example in the Bakony-, Pilis-, Börzsöny-, Mátra-, Bükk-, Zemplén- Hills). More specifically, it means the physical closeness, which underlines the common usage of the same landscape. Therefore, there are several examples, when neighboring communities are offered common donations (such as Diósgyőr-Dédes 194 or SzentlélekSzentlászló 195 ). The bordering communities had intensive connections with each other. Despite this, the written source material does only refer sporadically to such characteristic grouping of the communities as it was detected in the Abaúj- Hegyalja Region. 196 In fact, this special aspect has not been investigated in written documents, however, conditions of settlement and similar possibilities of self-supporting system contour similar interdependence as in the case of Regéc-GöncGöncruszka. 197 For example the traces of Pauline communities' collective appearance in the Baranya Region can be detected from the early fifteenth century 187 Bandi, 1985 70140. 188 DAP I, 173,257. 189 DAP I, 174, 25926, 175 2 60, 261. 190 Bandi, 1985 584 7. 191 ZsO V, 301 1501. 192 Bandi, 1985 587 75. 193 Bandi, 1985 587 15. 194 DAP I, 66, 82. m DAP III, 411, 937. I% Mályusz, 1971 259. 197 The studies by Zsuzsanna Bandi (Bandi, 1985) and Éva Knapp (Knapp, 1994) showed that the starting point for these new aspects of investigations can only be revealed by detailed survey of smaller micro regions. onwards, however, the first written document about these connections dates back to 1557. 198 The research clarified that occasional groups of monasteries, as particular forms of monastic organization, are generally specific to the Pauline order. Since the main cause of their corporate appearance is due to the common interest of preserving their privileges, the causes of the their development can be explained on the grounds of written evidence. It is important, however, that this scheme only worked, if smaller monasteries lived parallel in one small region. The real causes of the development are, therefore, the favorable geographical conditions, the support of the order and the large number of charitable trusts. The attendance of these factors made the natural grounds of corporate appearance in favor of their own interests, 199 which can be modeled on the example of Pauline monasteries in the Abaúj Hegyalja Region. Nevertheless, the causes of the economic hegemony can be explained with various factors revealed by the detailed analyzes of the monasteries' economic system. THE ECONOMY OF THE PAULINE MONASTERIES IN THE ABAÚJ HEGYALJA REGION 200 Studying local Pauline economy and the organization of estates one has to rely on written documents as sources. The picture drawn by them cannot be complete but the amount of data allows to present general tendencies behind which the social and economical background of the monasteries, their geographical attraction and their strategy of obtaining estates can be grasped. Estates The estates of the St. Philip and St. Jacob monastery lie in Vizsoly, 201 Regéc 202 , Horváti, 203 Tolcsva 204 and their surroundings (Map 25). The estates of the St. Catherine monastery in Göncruszka are located ,b Knapp, 1994 101. >9 Probably the appearance of the Pelsöczi Bebek family (Andrew, Ladislaus and Peter) at around the turn of the 15 lh century, and the growing number of complaints by Paulines can be connected. The forced reorganization of the region's estate system can be connected to that family. See Iványi, 1926 9. 10 Éva Knapp has published a competent study on the Pauline economy in County Baranya. The system outlined in it and the researcher's approach inspired me to study my sources of Pauline monasteries concerning their economy and to present it in a separate chapter. - Knapp, 1994. " DAPIII.,310,845. 12 Bandi, 1985, 671., 1. )3 DAP III., 309., 843.
