Szolyák Péter - Csengeri Piroska (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 56. (Miskolc, 2017)
Régészet - Soós, Eszter et al.: Settlement and graves from Hernádvécse (NE-Hungary) in the 5th century AD: relation of living space and burial place in the Hun Period
Settlement and graves from Hernádvécse (NE-Hungary) in the 5th century AD 65 the end of the 4th century AD (Bocsi 2008, 418—424, Abb. 7-8; Bocsi 2012, 189-194, 7. kép; Bocsi 2016, 102-103; Tóth 2013, VI. t. 8). IV/3. Cups The few little spherical mugs without handles follow the pot forms (Fig. 12, III. 1—2, Table I/, 5, Table IX, 10, Table XI, 2, Table 16, 1). IV/4. Jugs Storage vessels for liquids were also created from grainy material (Table VI, 7). A handle fragment with grooved surface was belonged to a huge vessel (Table VIII, 3). It is noteworthy that a spout fragment had been unearthed in the settlement (Table X, 2) the analogy of which can be dated to the D2—D2/D3 periods (Tejral 1988, 268, 280; H. Vaday 1994). Murga-type jugs and little bowls, cups are known from late Roman fort in Tokod in great numbers (Lányi 1981, Abb. 3). IV/5. Lids Lids with thin walls defined as ‘undercut rim’ are unfamiliar to Roman Age Barbarian pottery. Grainy lids similar to the piece from Hernádvécse (Table VIII, 7) are known from the territory of the province (Ottományi 1991, 36. tábla 4; Ottományi 1996, Abb. 10, 1-2; Ottományi 2015, 5. kép 11). V. Storage vessels Only side fragments came to light from this type of large-sized vessels. The pieces cannot be distinguished from the storage fragments in the Roman Age settlement (Soós 2015, 129), therefore the dating of the pieces is quite uncertain. 2.4.2. Spindle whorls Only three spindle whorls made of sandy and grainy clay were found in the settlement. One piece from the pit Str.164 was made of a fragment of a storage vessel (Table XII, 4). 2.4.3. Clay pendant The little cylindrical clay pendant with a flared lower part was unearthed in building Str.61 (Fig. 13). Its form and size is analogous with the metal axe-shaped pendants, probably it was meant to be a clay imitation of those artefacts. The axe-shaped pendants were usually made of curved copper and silver plates, but also of limestone, amber, glass or bone. They were widespread in the Pontic region from the Hellenistic period. In the Carpathian Basin these pendants appeared in Sarmatian cemeteries from the 2nd century AD, the majority of the pieces came to light from children’s and female burials from the 5th century AD (Salamon 1959; H. Vaday 1989, 54—55, Abb. 6; Gulyás 2015, 133). Several pieces are also known from the territories of the Nordkarpatische Gruppe related with the Post-Chernyakhov horizon (Pieta 1991, 378, Fig. 2, 20). In the small grave groups of the Hunnic some graves even included more than one of axe-shaped pendants.21 The ornate silver axe-shaped pendants (so-called type Untersiebenbrunn— Copoveni) can be dated to the middle third of the 5th century AD (Tejral 1997, 335). Previously, researchers emphasized the Chernyakhov (Tejral 1982,131) and Gothic origins (Bierbrauer 1975, 172) of the artefact type. It is however striking that based on resent research only 12 pieces are known from the territory of the Säntana de Murej—Chernyakhov culture (Körösfői 2016a, 260) in contrast to 126 pieces from 64 Sarmatian sites in the Carpathian Basin (Gulyás 2015, 133). 2.4.4. Animal bone material A total of 174 pieces of animal bone fragments came from the features dating to the late period of the settlement. All of these bones — with the exception of a single bone fragment belonging to a bird— are remains of domestic animals: cattle (123 pieces), small ruminants (32 pieces) and pig (13 pieces). Five bone fragments could not be identified (Table 3). The small amount of bone material from the site was extremely fragmented, sometimes debris-like. The bone material was divided among 11 features. Both buildings (Str.61 and 125) contained animal bones althought in not it large quantities (16 and 5 pieces of bones). An oval, shallow pit (Str.49) provided almost the half of the total animal bone material (86 pieces of animal bone). The pits from the northern part of the settlement contained the least amount of animal bones (Table 4). The topographical distribution of the animal bone material is shown in Table 3. 2.4.4.1. Zoological descriptions 2.4.4.2. Cattle Cattle was the most frequent animal species in the Hunnic period features of the site (123 pieces/72.78%). From the eleven features, which provided animal bones, only one (Str.165) did not contain cattle bones. 21 There were 6 axe-shape pendants in grave 217 in cemetery of Szekszárd-Palánk (Kiss 1996, 59, Abb. 6).
