Szolyák Péter - Csengeri Piroska (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 56. (Miskolc, 2017)

Történettudomány - Kádár Tamás: Egy megkésett tartományuraság-építési kísérlet a XIV. század eleji Magyarországon: Petenye fia Péter pályája

по

Kádár Tamás

A LATE ATTEMPT AT SOVEREIGN PROVINCE-BUILDING IN EARLYXIV CENTURY HUNGARY: THE CAREER OF PETER, SON OF PETENYE

Keywords: Zemplén County, Ung County, Charles I. sovereign province, Kopasz Borsa, battle of Topa

Apart from country-sized “small kingdoms”, much smaller sovereign provinces, ruling over the territory of one or two counties were also formed in Hungary during the early XIV century. Following the death of his enemy Palatine Amadé Aba in 1311, Peter son of Petenye built his own province in Zemplén county, based primarily on his castles as well as his inherited and acquired properties. The lord of presumably Slavic origin had 5—6 castles and at least 45—50 villages in 1314—1315, mainly in Zemplén county, but he also had lands in Ung, Szatmár and likely in eastern Abaúj as well. Initially he supported central powers and took part in the siege of Sáros in 1312, and possibly in the victorious battle of Rozgony, however he later joined the rebels and attacked the king’s local supporters. This led to his rapid downfall in 1317 and the armed dismantling of his Zemplén province. The following study examines the life and career of the landowner and provides detailed description of his rule over his province. Furthermore, it also looks into two extraordinary crimes, their possible backgrounds, circumstances and overall validity as that has been questioned. During the spring of 1316, Peter allied himself with Kopasz Borsa and his conspirators and, presumably by their command, went to the Principality of Galicia—Volhynia to win over one of the princes to their cause and summon him with his army to Hungary as aid. Traditional and general researcher opinion believes he even offered the Hungarian throne to the Russian ruler of unknown origin; however our available sources do not prove that, only the fact that he tried to lead him against King Charles but failed. According to information only available from one of Charles’ regesta, a document of questionable validity, Peter committed even greater crimes: first trying to kill his king with his own hands near Patak then later attempted to eliminate him via an assassin at Temesvár.

The dates and circumstances of the events are uncertain; it is also possible Charles accused him baselessly with the aforementioned, and the document itself could be merely fabrication. In spring 1317 the king sent two armies led by Philip Drugeth and Mikes Ákos to defeat him, who conquered all of his fortifications within a month or a month and a half, thusly ending his province and rule. Peter had to flee to Transylvania. He fled to Majos son of Majos and continued fighting by his side. They suffered defeat at Topa in 1318, then a decisive one at Bonchida in Kolozs county in 1320 from the king’s generals. Peter likely died then since during the donation of his final properties the king mentioned him as “late”.

Tamás, Kádár

FÜGGELÉK

Petenye fia Péter Zemplén, Ung és Abaúj megyei várai és birtokai

Rövidítések: K. = Kassai kerület; E. = Eperjesi kerület (Szlovákia); BAZ = Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén m.

Várai: Barkó; Jeszenő; Bacskó; Gönc; Zemplén; Regéc; Bodrogszeg

Birtokai: Oroszkánya (ma Ruská Kajna, E.); Jankófalva (ma Jánosvölgye; Jankovce, E.); Zubnj'a (ma Tölgyeshegy; Zubné, E.); Pihnye (ma Tüskés; Pichne, E.); Hankfalva (ma Jánosvágása; Hankovce, E.); Nagydomása (ma Vel’ka Domasa, E.); „Zaktson”: Sztakcsin? (ma Takcsány; Stakcín, E.), Gereginye (ma Göröginye; Ohradzany, E.), Szinna (ma Snina, E.), Kisdomása (ma Malá Domasa, E.); Kajnafalva (ma Alsónyírjes; Slovenská Kajna, E.); Kohány (ma Felsőkohány; Kochanovce, E.); Lácfalva (ma Lackovce, E.); Homonna (ma Humenné, E.); Hazina (ma Kisgézsény; Hazin nad Cirochou; E.; esetleg az Ung megyei Gézsény; ma Hazín., K.); Kemence (ma Kis-, Nagykemence; Kamienka, Kamienca nad Cirochou, E.); Peticse (ma Pticie, E.); Zubugya (ma Izbugya; Zbudza, K.); Köles (ma Kolcsmező; Dlhé Klcovo,

E.); Petrusfalva (ma Petróc; Petrovce nad Laborcom, K.); Paljánka (ma Szécsmező; Secovská Polianka, E.); Bazza (ma Kisbonya; Bozcice, K.); Kereplye (ma Kravany., K.); Parnó (ma Parchovany, K.); (három) Visnyó (ma Visnov, K.); (két) Bacskó (ma Backov, K.); Kincses (ma puszta Parnó DK-i határában, K.); Tehna (ma Szécsudvar, Dvorianky, K.); Albun (ma puszta Gálszécstől É-ra, K.); Torna (ma Tarnóka; Trnávka, K.); Szécs (ma Gálszécs; Secovce, K.); Gerenda (ma Hriadky, K.); Zebegnyő (ma Zbehiíov, K.); Nagyruszka (ma Maly Ruskov, K.); Kisruszka (ma Maly Ruskov, K.); Terebes (ma Tóketerebes; Trebisov, K.); Kiszte (ma Kiszta; Kysta, K.); Kasov (ma Kazsó; Kozuchov; K.); Tornj^a (ma Kis-, Nagytoronya; Malá Torona, Trna, K.); Salamon (ma Tiszasalamon; Соломоново, Kárpátalja, Ukrajna); Záhony (BAZ); Szőlős (ma Szőlőske; Vinicky, K.); Rozvágy (ma Kis-, Nagyrozvágy, BAZ); Luka (ma Bodroghalom, BAZ)

Nem azonosítható fekvőségei: „Wekercapva-i Gyepuel”; Kepla; Prepkefalva; Vadna; Papfalva; Plempnafalva; Halacskafalva (talán az Ung vármegyei Zalacska; ma Zaluzice, K.); Tamkafalva; Andrásfalva (valószínűleg Kincses közelében, Parnó vidékén kereshető)