Csengeri Piroska - Tóth Arnold (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 54. (Miskolc, 2015)
Régészet - Kósa Polett: Meggyasszó-Halom-oldal dűlő: New data int he Tumulus culture research from North-eastern Hungary
Megyaszó-Halom-oldal dűlő: New data in the Tumulus culture research... 187 ILA. 1. Undecorated, strongly profiled bowls Two fragments can be classified into this group from grave S7 (Table 2. 4/2) and S9 (Table 3. 5/1). Since only fragments remained, just as the I.A.l. vessel type, it is not certain whether these bowls were decorated or not. There are no traces of handles or any other decoration, so it is relevant to create an undecorated group as it would not be appropriate to classify them to other groups. Only fragments survived from other similarly dated sites as well. It is possible that these bowls might have had 1 or 2 handles, but forms without handles may have existed too (KEMENCZEI 1968, 181). Similar types can be found in both Tumulus and Piliny cultural regions.' The local Middle Bronze Age population and the Western Tumulus communities had already used these types of bowls (KEMENCZEI 1968, 181). In the Carpathian Basin these outcurving-rimmed bowls were constantly used during the Tumulus period, and it is likely that Piliny culture might have took this type from the Tumulus culture (KEMENCZEI 1967, 275—276). II. A. 2. Strongly profiled bowls with strap handle There are two single handled examples that represent this group from grave Sll (Table3. 7/1) and S12 (Table 4. 8/1). These are less fragmented. The handled types are a lot more represented, since they can be found in almost every cemetery from Northern Hungary.8 As this type was used since the Middle Bronze Age, and both the Tumulus and Piliny cultures preferred it, this form covers a broader time spectrum, from the Rei. Br. B1 to Br. D (KEMENCZEI 1968,181). II.A.3. Strongly profiled bowls with knobs The form is alike to the first group, but in this case 2 or 3 knobs were added to the shoulder. The bowl of grave S2 had 3 knobs (Table 2. 2/3) while on the fragmentary bowl of grave Sll only 1 knob was visible (Table 7 Related pieces are known from the Tumulus cemeteries of Halmaj: KEMENCZEI 1968, 176 (10. kép 12); Detek: KEMENCZEI 1968,167 (4. kép 17); and Piliny sites of Vizslás-. KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XIV. 21, 23); Lithe: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. X. 23; Taf. XI. 6). 8 Parallel examples are from the Tumulus cemeteries of Tiszafüred'. KOVÁCS 1975 (34; Plate 31, 335/3); Detek: KEMENCZEI 1968, 167-171 (4. kép 2; 4. kép 10; 7. kép 5; 7. kép 13; 9. kép 7); Halmaj: KEMENCZEI 1968,171-176 (9. kép 18; 11. kép 8; 12. kép 8); and from the Piliny sites of Litke: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf IX. 12); Áléra: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf XXXVI. 16); Patvarc. KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf XII. 13); Zagyvapálfalva-. KEMENCZEI 1967,237-243 (Abb. 4,1; Abb. 5,2; Abb. 5, 5; Abb. 5, 15; Abb. 9, 9; Abb. 10, 20). 3. 7/4), however it can be assumed that there might have been at least two pieces. The knob-decorated bowls usually bear two handles, as single-handled and knobbed pieces are less frequent.9 The basis of this type might have come from the Tumulus culture, as the form without knobs was also common here (KEMENCZEI 1984,16). It can also be noted about the large vessels that the shape belonged to the Tumulus culture, but the decorations were added by the Piliny culture. It can be dated from Rei. Br. B2-C to Br. D. II.B.1. Flat-based, conical bowl with fluted decoration It is from grave S16 (Table 4. 10/3), which was broken on its belly so the shape above the incurving neckline cannot be reconstructed. The rim could have been outcurving or inverted as well. Based on the fragments of the body it had a conical shape, vertical channeled decoration and 2 opposite handles.10 11 The handles on other vertically channeled vessels were usually located above the belly line, but this bowl’s handles are below it. Since the exact reconstruction from fragments is hard, thus dating is difficult as well. It can most probably be dated to the Rei. Br. C period. II.B.2. Ring-footed conical bowl It is also from grave S16 (Table 4. 10/2), which is similarly fragmented and difficult to identify above the belly line. Based on the bottom diameter, and the inclination of the side, it may be the part of a larger vessel, such as a ring-footed bowl. The original curving of the neck and rim cannot be reconstructed. No decoration can be reconstructed.11 Plain vessels and bowls with footrings were quite common in the Tumulus culture. The Carpathian Tumulus culture might have taken over the form from 9 The single handled, knobbed type is missing from the Tumulus cemeteries of Detek and Halmaj. The analogous pieces are more common in Piliny cemeteries, like Nagybátony: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. IV. 9); Szurdokpüspöki- KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XIII. 19); Zagyvapálfalva: KEMENCZEI 1967 (Abb. 1,4; Abb. 10, 18; Abb. 15,2). 10 There are two parallel examples to this type from the Piliny sites of Litke: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. VII. 5); Bükkaranyos- Földvár. KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. XXV. 15). 11 It has several similar examples from Tumulus sites like Halmaj-. KEMENCZEI 1968,171-176 (10. kép 5; 12. kép 2); Detek-. KEMENCZEI 1968,171 (8. kép 4); Lgyek-szplőhegy: KOVÁCS 1966, 162,172 (2. kép 22; 11. kép 4); and Piliny sites like Nagybátony: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. III. 10); Litke: KEMENCZEI 1984 (Taf. VIII. 28; Taf. X. 10); Zagyvapálfalva: KEMENCZEI 1967 (Abb. 9, 4; Abb. 11, 4).
