A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 53. (2014)
Régészet - Tóth Krisztián: Noteworthy Findings of the Roman Age and Early Migration Period from Borsodszirák, Northestern Hungary. First Investigations
Noteworthy Findings of the Roman Age and Early Migration Period from Borsodszirdk 179 without ceramic fragments would allow some further conclusions, however, lacking sufficiant data, it cannot be supported. The bust discovered at the area of the settlement can be undoubtedly interpreted as a Roman import, and typologically dated to the 2nd century. However, this does not exclude the possibility that it could get into the ground later. The fact that it originates from the settlement may confirm us that this kind of object was not only a prestige item of graves but had a practical function too. The vessels discovered at the archaeological site can be divided into several groups: hand-made pots, pot-shaped vessels, bowls, jugs, storage vessels and individual or undetermined forms. The earliest pottery could be the hand-made one with stamped four- petal flower motifs (Fig. 4. 6), which can be possibly linked to the indigenous Celtic population in the early imperial period. Roman ceramics including terra sigillatae and a stamped sherd dated to the end of the second century and the first half of the third century A.D. (Fig. 6.1—2, 7) can be considered as imports. The hand-made bowl decorated with plastic ribs which belongs to the Roman imitations can be dated to the same period (Fig. 7. 9), to which similar pieces are known from western Slovakia and Moravia. The pot with incised zigzag pattern decoration was also used in the third century A.D. (Fig 5. 1). Its parallels are known from Quadic territories. The glazed jug is a Roman import dated to the 4th century A.D. (Fig. 7. 1). The smoothed-edged bowl (Fig 6. 3), the facetted, tapering-edged bowl (Fig. 6. 4) and some of the jugs (Fig. 7. 2—3, 5—7) could also be used in this century. A part of the pot-shaped vessels, the so-called gritty pots were used in the fourth century A.D., such as a thick one with narrowing rim (Fig. 5, 6). The greater part of them (Fig. 5. 2-5) can be rather dated to the end of the fourth century or to the 5th century A.D. The hooked rim bowl (Fig. 6. 5—6) could be also used during this period, just like the jug with smoothed zigzag motif (Fig. 7. 4). The storage vessels were used from the end of the second century to the 5th century A.D. In this study I intended to publish the first evaluations an archaeological site from an archae- ologically barely investigated geographical region. Although in recent years there were large-scale excavadons in the neighbourhood, they together could not yield items of such quality as those of the field surveys of Borsodszirák, Egres-dűlő. I believe it is important to continue the research, namely the extension of the geophysical survey, and the systematic archaeological survey, the results of which could bring forward a number of questions, which could be later answered by excavations. I would like to express gratitude to the museum director, Tamás Pusztai, for the possibility of evaluating these artefacts, and for József S. Nagy for the beautiful drawings. My warmest to Csaba Lakatos and István Bácskái for the metal detector survey. Dénes Gabler’s help in the definition of terra sigillata was also essential. Thanks to Renata Madyda-Legutko, Judyta Rodzinska-Nowak and Marzena Przybyla for their insightful comments in relation to some of the objects. Finally I wish to thank Zsófia Kondé for proofreading the English version. IRODALOM ALMGREN, Oscar 1923 Studien über nordeuropäische Fibelformen. Der ersten nachchristlichenJahrhundertemitBerücksichtung der provinzialrömischen und südrussischen Formen. Mannus-Bibliothek 32, Leipzig. ARNOLD, Dean A. 2005 Linking society with the compositional analyses of pottery: a model from comparative ethnography. In: Alexandre LivingstoneSmith-DominiqueBosquet-Rémi Martineau (Eds.): Pottery Manufacturing Processes: Reconstitution and Interpretation. BAR International Series 1349. Archaeopress, Oxford. 15—21. BÄRCÄ, Vitalie: 1997 Die sarmatische Verteidigungsausrüstung — und Bewaffung./Echipamentul si armamentul defensiv sar- matic. Acta Musei Porolissensis XXI. Römer und Barbaren an der Grenzen des Römischen Dakiens, 909—934. 2014 Returned foot exterior chord brooches made of single metal piece (type Almgern 158) recently discovered in the western plain of Romania. Notes on origin and chronology. Journal of Ancient History and Archeology No. 1.2, 21-39. BELJAK, Ján-KOLNIK, Titus 2008 Germanic settlement from the Late Roman and Early Migration periods in Stúrovo. In: Barbara Niezabitowska-Wisniewska, Marcin Juscinski, Piotr Luczkiewicz, Sylwester Sadowski (Eds.): The Turbulent epoch I. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Marii Curie- Sklodowskiej w Lublinie, Lublin. 65—87. BONA, István 1963 Beiträge zur Archäologie und Geschichte der Quaden. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae XV, 239-307. BORZSÁK, István (ford.) 1980 Tacitus összes művei. Európa, Budapest. DOBÁNY, Zoltán 2010 A Sajó-Bódva köze történeti földrajza (18—20. század). ANP Fügetek IX, Jósvafő.
