A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 50. (2011)

RÉGÉSZET - SIMON László: Római császárkori lándzsa a miskolci Avasról.

190 Simon László A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve VII, 47-90. 1969 Kelta leletek a miskolci múzeumban. A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve VIII, 70-114. 1971 Szarmatakori leletek a miskolci Herman Ottó Múzeumban. A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyved, 87-114. 1975 Régészeti adatok Észak-Magyarország I.sz. I-IV. századi történetéhez. A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve XIII-XIV, 64-129. VÉRTES, László-TÓTH, Lajos 1963 Der Gebrauch des glasigen Quarzporphyrs im paläolithikum des BükkGebirges. Acta Archaeologia Academiae Scientiarum HungaricaedV

, 3-10. VÉRTES László 1965 Atz őskőkor és az átmeneti kőkor emlékei Magyarországon. Régészeti kézikönyv I. Budapest. VISY, Zsolt 1970 Die Daker am Gebiet von Ungarn. A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Evkönyve 1, 5-29. VISY Zsolt-NAGY Mihály (szerk.) 2003 Magyar régészet az ezredfordulón. Budapest. WOLF Mária 1992 Régészeti adatok Miskolc középkori történetéhez. In RÉMIAS Tibor (szerk.): Régészeti tanulmányok Miskolc korai történetéből. Miskolc város történetének dokumentumai. Miskolc. 121-139. SPEARHEAD OF THE ROMAN IMPERIAL AGE FROM THE MISKOLC-AVAS (NORTHEAST HUNGARY) Keywords: spear(head), vandals, history of weapon, history of settlement, Przeworsk culture The weapon is corroded very much, the surface of its blade is damaged, and the edge is chipped and frayed considerably. The blade of the spearhead, which is a bit curved, is similar to an irregular ellipse (laurel leaf). Its largest width is in the lower third part of the blade, near the middle of the whole spearhead. Its cross section is flattened rhombus; the ridge in the middle of the blade can hardly be seen because of the weathering surface. The joining-neck connects the point with the cloak of the socket. The socket, which is deformed to a low degree, is cylindrical and broadens smoothly. The cloak is damaged and shattered. It cannot be decided surely whether the two edges of the cloak were bended to one another or one was hammered on top of the other. The latter seems to be more likely because of the hiatus. On the socket, there is a nail-hole. The whole length of the weapon is 17,2 cm. The length of the socket is 6 cm, and joining-neck is 2,7 cm. The blade is 8,5 cm along. The width of it is 2,3 cm, and the thickness is 0,5 cm. The socket is 1,8-1,3 cm in diameter. The weight of the spear is 60 g. The inventory number is 53.1298.1. (Fig. 1-2) The spearhead of Miskolc-Avas could be a javelin or a throwing weapon. József Budai, the attendant gave it to the museum in the second part of the 1920s. In 1953, Pál Patay inventoried it again in 1953 and determined "Germanic". The find is on the Avars site cadastre of Dezső Csallány (CSALLÁNY 1956, site of 657a.) and doubtfully on the list of the Avars sites by József Szentpéteri (SZENTPÉTERI 2002, 242243). It was, however, left out from the study of the Avars sites of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, as well as from the summaries of German and Roman Empire. The authors also did not mention in "The Avas of Miskolc

" (GÁLFFY—LESZIH 1929: K. VÉGH 1968, 1971, 1975; LOVÁSZ 1992b, 1999; DOBROSSY 1993). If there is not any accompanying finds, the dating of stray finds are difficult. Moreover, it is not sure that an actual piece is typical of an era/period or just occurs like an untypical item at that time. Similar shaped finds are known from almost all historical periods. The spearheads, which are similar to the leafshape, were used from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages. In Europe, they were common during the Migration Period (KIRPICNIKOV 1966, 14; RUTTKAY 1976, 300). According to the form, size and inner proportion of Miskolc-Avas-type spearhead, they were found in large quantities only in the burials during the Roman Imperial Age. This spearhead-type (with relatively small size, narrow laurel leaf shape, slightly emphasized ridge, rhombus cross section, short socket with small diameter and nail-hole)