A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 49. (2010)

Koós Judit: A füzesabonyi kultúra települése Nagyrozvágyon

1999 Bronzezeitliche Schmuckgegenstände, Waffen und Goldschätze, In: KOVÁCS, Tibor-RACZKY, Pál (Hrsg.). Prähistorische Goldschätze aus dem Ungarischen Nationalmuseum. Budapest, 37-62. OLEXA, Ladislav 1982 Siedlungen und Gräberfelder aus der Bronzezeit von Nizná Mysl'a in der Ostslowakei, In: HÄNSEL, Bernhard (Hrsg.) Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 vor Chr. PAS 1, Berlin 387-399. POLLA, Belo 1960 Birituelle Fiizesabonyer Begräbnisstätte in Streda nad Bodrogom. In: CHROPOVSKY, Bohuslav-DUSEK, Mikulás-POLLA, Belo (Hrsg.) Gräberfelder aus der älteren Bronzezeit in der Slowakei I. ArchSlov Fontes 3, Bratislava, 299-386. SZATHMÁRI, Ildikó 1997 Das Gräberfeld der bronzezeitlichen Füzesabony-Kultur in FüzesabonyKettőshalom. CommArch Hung 51-74. SZÉKELY, Zoltán 1966 Cimitirul din epoca bronzülüi de la Pir- Cimetiére de Tage du bronze de Pir. SC1V 17, 125-135. SETTLEMENT OF THE FÜZESABONY CULTURE AT NAGYROZVÁGY The site has been known to the archaeological community for several decades. In autumn 1972, Magdolna Hellebrandt of the Herman Ottó Museum conducted an excavation on Pap Hill after being notified of the finds that had come to light there. She uncovered the remains of a settlement of the Middle Bronze Age Füzesabony culture. The finds came to light in 1971, during soil amelioration work on the outskirts of the village, which led to the disturbance and partial destruction of a Bronze Age settlement. The finds presented to the museum and the material recovered during the excavation indicated the presence of a major archaeological site. The lavishly decorated large bronze pendant, part of the hoard from the site, is virtually unmatched among the finds from the contemporaneous settlements and burial grounds of the Carpathian Basin. The analysis of the pottery revealed that the site was occupied during the late Füzesabony period, during the culture's Bodrogszerdahely phase, a lesser known period, whose finds are scanty in the archaeological record. Several decades after the excavation, a water reservoir was constructed as part of flood damage control to divert the constant floods threatening the villages of the Bodrogköz region. A salvage excavation was conducted between 2005 and 2007 preceding the construction work. A roughly 40,000 m

2 large area was investigated. After completing the salvage excavation, we could determine the type of the settlement investigated at Nagyrozvágy: it could be assigned to the plainland settlements protected by natural defences. The settlement evolved on a small hill rising above the wide, marshy stream or river. The greater part of the hill was levelled and thus the diverse find material was recovered from the surviving pits, from levels which could not be linked to a specific feature and from the section through the streambed around the Bronze Age village. One of the more remarkable settlement features of the site was a well whose wooden structure was fairly well preserved owing to the waterlogged environment. Its soil mark was an almost regular rectangle measuring 2 m by 2.2 m, clearly outlined in the yellow sand. 43