A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 46. (2007)

Hajdú Ildikó: Tokaj-hegyaljai borászat gazdasági antropológiai vizsgálatának lehetséges területei

Kunt Ernő 1993 Az antropológia keresése. Kunt Ernő-Szarvas Zsuzsa: A komplex kultúrakutatás dilemmái a mai Magyarországon. KVAT Füzetek 1. 111-133. Miskolci Egyetem Kulturális és Vizuális Antropológia Tanszéke, Miskolc Shils, Edward A hagyomány. Bevezetés. Hagyomány és hagyományalkotás (szerk.: Hofer Tamás és Niedermüller Péter). Budapest Takács Péter 1994Tállya története. Tállya (szerk: Frisnyák Sándor), 85-175. Ulin, Róbert C. 1998 Hagyományalkotás és reprezentáció, mint kulturális tőke. A délnyugatfrancia borászat története. Tőkefajták: a társadalmi és kulturális erőforrások szociológiája (szerk.: Lengyel György-Szántó Zoltán) Budapest, Aula Kiadó Wolf, Eric R. 1995 Európa és a történelem nélküli népek. Budapest POTENTIAL AREAS FOR THE ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF VINE CULTIVATION IN THE TOKAJ-HEGYALJA REGION Tokaj Aszú, the distinctive product of the wineries in the Tokaj-Hegyalja region, was for long centuries one of the best-known products exported by Hungary. The natural catastrophes and the socio-economic changes of the pást 150 years have drastically reduced the economic options of wine growers and wine producers, and the wines of the Hegyalja region were gradually forgottén. The efforts to change this tendency are increasing among local wine growers, as shown by the events after the political changes of 1989. The new conditions called for the elaboration of new strategies as regards both production and marketing, leading to major shifts and a new structure in the wine economy, whose main framework is now emerging, although the final form has not been found. The process of transformation thus offers an exciting field for economic anthropology studies, whereby the main trends in internál and external motivations can be examined. This study focuses on two main areas of the above-mentioned transformation. The study describes the anthropological study of the development of traditions and the organisation of collective actions. Following the transformation after the political changes, wine producers were forced to radically re-think the economic system of the previous decades and, alsó, to create and familiárisé themselves with a wholly new wine culture and marketing strategy. The socio-economic processes and innovations in this field led to the creation of entirely new traditions and, at the same time, the revival of older ones with a modified content. The radical transformation of land ownership and the loss of major markets led to changes in the region's entire verticai structure of production. Wine tourism, for example, began to play an increasingly important role among one group of wine growers, as did various related forms of collective action, in which these changes found a reflection. However, an interpretation of the culture determining social behaviours and of various social systems is unavoidable in the analysis of the individual's economic actions. Similarly, the identifícation of the cultural impacts reflected in the interaction between various groups (various societies and co-operatives) is alsó important because the individual performing economic actions is a social being, whose actions are guided by social determinism. 481