A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 42. (2003)

Csengeri Piroska: Az alföldi vonaldíszes kerámia kultúrája legkorábbi időszakának települése a Hernád völgyében (Előzetes jelentés a Novajidrányt elkerülő út mentén végzett 2002. évi leletmentésről)

1989 Kultúra s východnou lineárnou keramikou na Slovensku. - Die Kultur mit östlicher Linearkeramik in der Slowakei. 1989. Bratislava Stäuble, Harald 1995 Radiocarbon dates of the earliest Neolithic in Central Europe. Radiocarbon 37. 227-237. THE SETTLEMENT OF THE EARLIEST PHASE OF THE ALFÖLD LINEAR POTTERY CULTURE IN THE HERNÁD VALLEY (PRELIMINARY REPORT FROM A RESCUE EXCAVATION ALONG THE TRUNK ROAD No. 3 AT NOVAJIDRÁNY IN 2002) The study reports from a part of a Middle Neolithic settlement from the earliest phase of the Alföld Linear Pottery culture (former Szatmár II group) that was uncovered along the trunk road No. 3. near Novajidrány (Northern Hungary, Hernád valley, Fig. 1-2.). The site was discovered by E. Lovász in April of 2002, and a rescue excavation was conducted by the present author from 26 August to 27 November in the same year. A total of 25 archaeological features (ALP culture) and many stray finds (Bükk culture) came to light from the Middle Neolithic in the small excavated area (675 m

2

, Fig. 3.). Remains of two houses ("in situ" debris of the one of them, Fig. 3., and debris of another one in secondary position in a refuse pit, Fig. 3-6.), three large, elongated refuse pit complex, an enormous feature for unknown purpose and several smaller pits with abundant find material were uncovered (Fig. 3.). There were not any postholes of houses or burials found in the course of the investigation. As a consequence of the size of excavated area can not be reconstruct neither of the structure of the early ALP village nor the construction of the buildings and other features. NW-SE orientation of the houses can be supposed on the basis of the orientation of the elongated refuse pits that were situated along the buildings. The ALP settlement was laid on a NE-SW orientated hill near by the ancestor of the river Hernád. In the course of the investigation came to light only a few amount of animal bones (and no bone objects). There were found representations of chipped stone industry (obsidian and limnic quartzite) with abundance at the site. Charcoal and sediment samples were collected from the archaeological features for scientific examinations. Reconstruction of the everyday life of the Neolithic community, their natural environment and the age of the settlement can be expected of their analysis. Restoration of the ceramic finds is underway so the analysis of find material can not be complete. The elaboration, forms and decoration of fine ware and coarse were ware found in Novajidrány and their analogies (especially from Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Füzesabony-Gubakút and Tiszalúc-Sarkad), however unambiguously dates the settlement to the earliest phase of the ALP culture (Fig. 8-12.). Among the vessel shapes of the fine ceramics are found hemispherical and conical bowls and cups (Fig. 9. 2., 4-6., Fig. 11. 1-2.), pedestalled bowls with low or high pedestal and hemispherical or conical upper part (Fig. 10. 3., Fig. 11. 2.), flasks with cylindrical neck and biconical body (Fig. 10. 2., Fig. 12. 3.), globular bowls with short, cylindrical neck (Fig. 3.) and various miniature vessels (Fig. 10. 1.). The body or the rim of the vessels most often is rectangular (Fig. 9. 2-6., Fig. 10. 1-3., Fig. 11. 1-2., Fig. 12. L, 3.)! Pieces of fine ware are decorated with deeply and widely incised simple patterns: curved (Fig. 11. 2.), striped (Fig. 10. 3.) or angular motives of 1-3 lines (Fig. 11. 1.), or similar patterns with black painting (Fig. 9. 2-3., 5-6., Fig. 11. 1). There are examples of the black pearled paint of the Cris culture among the finds too (Fig. 9. 1.). Among the vessel shapes of the coarse, household ware are found large-size storage jars with cylindrical neck and globular or elongated body, pots with wide mouth and pieces of bowls 66