A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 32. Kunt Ernő emlékére. (1994)

TANULMÁNYOK - TOLCSVAI NAGY Gábor: Történeti és etnikai kapcsolatok a magyar nyelv iráni, török és mongol jövevényszavainak tükrében (magyar és angol nyelven)

In the ancient Iranian period, in the long term between 5000 and 800 B. C, the following words got from ancient Iranian into Finno-Ugric, then later Hungarian. The list could - of course - be not full. II. ancient Iranian period ancient Iranian *a6trä *arbhas *anéúrah *manuzah III. period IV. period V. period VII. period *dhexinuh *dedhi *pexy*septa *desa *sata *ksev *sneve *sarih *sruvä *'sardah Finno-Ugric Hungarian *6ctara ostor 'whip' *orpa, *orwa árva 'orphan' *ohcura agyar 'tusk' *mah&a ma-gyar 'man' *täjiene tehén 'cow' *taae tej 'milk' * ei peafej 'head' *säptä hét 'seven' *tese tíz 'ten' *sata száz 'hundred' *seweszik 'eat' *sone in 'poor, servant' *sare (vér)

er ' (blood)wessel *sorwa szarv 'horn' sere szer 'clan, kindred' According to István Fodor's researches the ethnic group known as the Fatianovo culture south from the dwellings of Finno-Ugrians and later Hungarians spoke ancient Iranian language, so we can find a reliable ethnic-linguistic correspondence in the archeological and historical linguistic chronology (Fodor 1975: 72). According to Harmattá the Old Iranian period can be postulated between 800 and 200 B. C. (Harmattá 1977: 176), so this period is identical roughly with the end of the Ugric period and the beginnings of the independence of the Hungarian people. From this period the following Hungarian words are recorded as coming from the Iranian: arany 'gold', nemez 'felf, fizet 'pay', öszvér 'mule', vászon 'linen', ostor 'whip', kard 'sword', and from the end of the period: szekér 'cart', hús 'meat'. The next layer, our Middle Iranian loan-words are in connection with the Asian and East European migration of the Hungarians. They are: asszony 'woman', lúd 'goose', vért 'armour', and perhaps gazdag 'rich', verem 'pit', zöld 'green', méreg 'gift', üveg 'glass', rég 'long ago', egész 'whole'. János Harmatta distinguishes some groups of different origin among the Middle Iranian loan-words of Hungarian. According to this „besides the East Iranian loan-words at least four more layers can be named: the older and new Alan, the North-West Iranian and the Xwarismi Alan loan-words. Between the older and new Alan loanwords the borderline can be determined chronologically by the disintegration of the Alan tribal confederation following the Hun offensive. [...] the older Alan loan-words give evidence of the connections between the ancient Hungarians and the North Alan tribes around the Volga river [...] The bigger group of newer Alan loan-words became part of the Hungarian language when the Hungarian tribes 132