Veres László: Magyar népi üvegek (Borsodi Kismonográfiák 28. Miskolc, 1989)

suiting to wine-bins is richly decorated, has the name of its owner on it and also it many times is provided with a date. Spirit-flasks are similar in form to these glasses. There is an essential difference between these two glasses in their size and in the kind of drink stored in them. Spirit-flasks as it is denoted by their name were used for storing spirits and also for drinking spirits from. They were ornamented most frequently by opal enamel painting. Their ornaments contained figures, plants, date and inscription. Most spirit-flasks have their inscription in German that is why it is supposed that they spread through the German population of Hungary. Jugs and bottles called „kulacs" also deserve attention because of their frequent occurence as drinking glasses. The big and flat jugs had many litres in volume and were generally used in the wine-districts. They were made in all the glass-works of the country. The most beautiful were the opal ornamented jugs from Zemplén they often had a date on them. The bottle called „kulacs" was a typical popular drinking-glass. We distinguish flat and pretzel bottles. Mainly the simple pieces made of white or green glass spread. Those ornamented were produced through enamel painting, applied or opal decoration. Enamel painting was used in the glass-work of Párád, applied decoration was used in the glass-works of the Bükk hills and opal decoration was used in the glass-works of Zemplén first of all. Engraved bottles are very rare. As we know it these glasses were made in the glass-works of Bakony and Somhegy in the first half of the 19th century. Among the popular glasses we can also find some articles with a special function. Articles for lighting, lamps called „mécses" with a foot and without a foot. Fly-traps and lids for churns were also very frequent. Very rarely some glass-works made smoothing-irons out of glass for ironing linen. The smoothing-iron used for linen-ironing was a 10 to 20 cm high tool. A flat, disc-shaped part used for ironing was connected to a cylinder-shaped handle. It is very likely that this type of irons became well-known and quite frequent by the influence of the Germans settled in Hungary. They called them Wickelglas in some places. The glasses used for cultic purposes form a special group among the folkglasses. Candlesticks, fontai jugs, chalices, holy-water basins belong to the 155