Viga Gyula: Tevékenységi formák és javak cseréje a Bükk-vidék népi kultúrájában (Borsodi Kismonográfiák 23. Miskolc, 1986)

ACTIVITY FORMS AND GOODS EXCHANGE IN THE FOLK CULTURE OF BÜKK REGION (Abstract) Although Hungarian ethnography from its very beginnings has devoted a great attention to the manifestations and and different variations of adaptation to the natural surroundings and regional potentialities, but it has not for a long time caught the deeper structure of that. It described the various groups and activity forms mainly on the basis of characteristic features (or considered characteristic): the researchers' attention was attracted mostly by groups having special part in the social production. It was the most apparent forms of adaptation, i.e. the primeval occupations that attracted the biggest attention (fishing, gathering, shepherding). The ethnographical studies during the past three decades — not independently of the international application of the various big research methods — could show several new findings in the study of integration and organization and adaptation forms of cultural groups with special regard to the collaboration and regional-territorial division of labour between the populations with different activity forms from different regions having varied natural potentialities. The ethnographical researches have found that the essential necessities in the ways of life of the populations of regions with differing potentialities are the division of labour within the region, the constant exchange of products with the neighbouring, or eventually remote populations and the division of labour between regions. The diffentiation of activity and adaptation forms precondition the exchange of goods produced: the relationships of intellectual groups and production regions can also be traced upon in culture. All these of course, suggested to make an end of peasant autarky, the long existing "myth" of science, and to unambigously reveal that a less progressed production level affected toward not the autarky, but an increased co-activity with the environment. The present study discloses the different types of adaptation in Bükk mountain (North Hungary), particularly in its two small units, the ethno-oecologic manifestations of adaptation and the relationships between the intellectual groups giving different responses to the 175