Kamody Miklós: Észak-Magyarország hírközlésének története (Borsodi Kismonográfiák 22. Miskolc, 1985)

Regular postal service was brought into action on territory under Turkish occupation. Also in the Hungarian districts the courier-institution brought from the East was in use mixed with the local things given. More forms of correspondence was applied. Official and confidential letters were forwarded by own "tsaus" s. Messengers living in each village were forced to perform forwarding letters for administration on occupied territories. In order to urging of fulfilment on performances and taxes letters were forwarded increasingly often by means of judges of towns and villages. It was characteristic of the era that the prison - he was called the "post-prison" - collecting the ransom by begging, was applied to forward messages. Their frequent service is authentically recorded in book of accounts of Miskolc town (registrated in 1678-1679): whom, when, what sort of provision in kind, food, drink was served out at puplic charge. In the study survey is offered about postal events during the liberty movements in 17th century. Military operations of wars of liberation lead by Bocskai István, Bethlen Gábor, Thököly Imre touched also this territory, advance of their troops to Upper Northern Hungary took place through Tokaj. On their way the stations of royal network were touched. Postmasters of German origin escaped from before Bocskai's heyducks (foot-soldier in the army of Bocskai in the 17th cent, wars of liberation), the network came disabled, restoration was carried out after Vienna - peace (1606). Bethlen Gábor disturbed less the operation of royal post, quite to the contrary, he made use of it, himself, while also the Transylvanian post was in action on royal territory. By virtue of statute issued by Bethlen Gábor in 1622 the Hungarian character of the post was ensured, however because of influence of Vienna Court, ravages of mercenaries it could be less and less respected. As a result of increasing suppression as a reprisal of complot of Wesselényi (1670) the Hungarian Post became all the more dependent (1690). Liberation movement of Thököly Imre made use of the royal postal-network, even a post-letters-patent with seven clauses was issued at Kassa in 1682 and to the head of post Dobay Gábor, postmaster at Eperjes was nominated. Reign of Turks was broken under walls of Vienna, their postal institution merged with the royal post-adminitration. Chapter 5 of the study is devoted to representation of postal organization in war of liberation of Rákóczi. The characteristic aspects, achievements and shortcomings of the movement's post is emphasized. Past of the post is devided into four sections drawing attention to the postal events describing each section. Rákóczi's first postmaster was Szepesi János with residence in Miskolc, his grave can be found in crypt of Avas-church. Then the prince replaced him and nominated two leaders to the post: Kosovics Márton, postdirector for heading the posts on Hungarian districts, and Orbán Simon to the head of posts in Transylvania and Partium. Extremly rich document-material about activity of Kosovics Márton (from August 1707) survived making possible the documentation of working of post organization. After elimination of Turkish reign and the war of liberation of Rakoczi Károly HI. saw firmly after reorganization of posts. From among his several regulations the letterspatent issued in 1713 is presented by the author. As a result of royal decrees a country route-map was produced indicating three main routes on territory of Northern Hungary: ViennaBuda-Kolozsvár, ViennaBuda-Nagybánya and last the former route of Vienna- Pozsony- Rózsahegy- Kassa-Tokaj -Debrecen. 146