Gál Éva szerk.: A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 53. (2008-2015) (Pécs, 2015)
RÉGÉSZET - Szabó Máté: Baranyai villák légifelvételeken
114 A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve (2015) Visy Zs. 2013: Sopianae településtörténete. - In: Visy Zs. (szerk.): Pécs története I. Pécs, pp. 93-152. Zahbelicky, H. 2011 : Die Villa von Bruckneudorf - Palast oder Grossvilla? - In: Bülow, G. V. - Zabehlicky, H. (Hrsg.): Bruckneudorf und Gamzigrad. Spätantkie Paläste und Grossvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum. Bonn, pp. 89-99. Zalai-Gaál I. 1990: A neolitikus körárokrendszerek kutatása a Dél-Dunántúlon. - Archaeologiai Értesítő 117: 3-23. Roman villas in Baranya County (Hungary) from the air Máté Szabó The research of the Roman villa sites in Baranya County has begun for decades, but from a methodological point of view our knowledge is still contradictory. Our former data are mainly based on some field walking and excavations with limited results. The recent researches which are mainly based on non-invasive archaeological methods, give us highly detailed information, but mostly without the structural data of excavations. Our most generally used non-invasive method is aerial survey, which gives detailed site plans and information about the environs and the historical landscape of the Roman villas. Babarc was the first photographed site, by Otto Braaseh, in the middle of 1990s (Bâlek et al. 1997: 142; Bender et al. 2007: 10-11), which was supplemented by the researches of the Janus Pannonius Museum (Pécs) and the Aerial Archaeological Archive of Pécs (University of Pécs) since 2008. Besides the traditional methods there were also some tests and development in using RPAS in the documentation (Balogh - Szabó 2013). The Roman villa site at Bakonya-Csucsa-dűlő has already yielded some important finds (inscribed stone, early Christian casket mount, etc.) and a detailed basemap was also made by the aerial images. Two main buildings from different periods, a bath-house, some store buildings and the Roman road are visible in the photographs but without any structural information from excavation (Bertók - Gáti 2014). The Roman villa site at Cserdi-Horgas-dülö has come to light by aerial survey. There were two main periods also, with bath houses, store houses and other remains. Field survey using non-invasive archaeological methods and a small scale excavation gave some more information about its phases (Szabó 2013, Szabó et al. 2014). One of the most significant villa sites in Baranya County is located at Nagyharsány-Kopáralja-dűlő. Based on the results of the excavations, some parts of the site became excluded from agricultural cultivation, but aerial images and geophysical survey could improve our knowledge on the neighbouring fields. These fragmental information suggest that the building complex covered a large area of more than 1 hectare, but the partial data did not allow the understanding of the main structure (Mrâv et al. 2008). The last site mentioned in this article is located at Szederkény-Mühlteile-dülő. The environs of the well- known, but slightly investigated Roman villa was researched by the Janus Pannonius Museum (Pécs) on a rescue excavation, connected to the M60 motorway construction works. Unfortunately these results have not been published yet. Our aerial photographs show faint cropmarks of the remains of a villa-estate, with a big enclosed courtyard, a main building, a bath house and some unexpected remains, which need more investigation. Our aerial photographs have provided highly detailed basemaps of the Roman villa sites in Baranya County but we need more researches for understanding their structure and historical background. Besides these results the main goal of this article can be to highlight the possibility of aerial survey in the research of Roman villas in Pannónia.
