Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 46-47 (2001-2002) (Pécs, 2003)

Régészet - Katalin T. Bíró–Zsolt Schléder–Judit Antoni–György Szakmány: Petroarchaeological studies on polished stone artefacts from Baranya county, Hungary II. Zengővárkony: Notes on the production, use and circulation of polished stone tools

54 A Janus Pannonius Múzeum évkönyve 46-47 (2001-2002) times xenomorphic. In this case, it fills in the remaining space among the plagioclases. The orientation of idiomorphic, 0,5 mm sized plagioclase (the composition is andesinic-labradoritic) laths indicates trachytic texture. It rarely turns into chlorite or clay mineral. Idiomorphic, 50-100 цт sized apatite fibres can be found as inclusion in the plagioclase. Opaque minerals also occur as inclusions. Idiomorphic, 100 /xm large biotite with strong pleochroism (colourless-brown) is a rare element. Opaque minerals also occur as skeletal crystals in a size of 0,25 mm. Their habit refers to ilmenite. They can contain inclusions of pyroxene and plagioclase. Rock glass among the plagioclase laths always turns into chlorite. Zengővárkony, JPM N-1/79-1947 Basalt The macroscopic and microscopic fabric of the sample is very similar to sample JPM N1/427-1947. Zengővárkony, JPM N-1/405-1947 Sandstone Macroscopically, the sandstone has red colour, with offwhite 1-2 mm sized quartzite grains. Microscopically, the sandstone is moderately sorted subarkose. The rock consists of mono and polycrystalline quartz, less frequently plagioclase and feldspar are presented as well. The minor constituent is chert, mica (muscovite). The matrix is limonitic-hematithic. The quartz grains are angular subangular shaped (Plate III./5-6.) and undular extinction refers to the metamorphic origin. The grains are often rimmed with clay. The phonolite samples are from the Szamárhegy region based on their microscopic features. This confirm the assumption of the presence a raw material exploitiation site at Szamárhegy (BIRO et al. 2001). The basalt samples are very well fit with the basalt group 2, described in SCHLÉDER-BIRÓ 1999. The presence this type of raw material among the half-ready stone tools may means that it comes from the Mecsek Mts. The supposed source is the so-called Mecsekjánosi Basalt Formation (of Lower Cretaceous geological age). The outcrop of the most fresh (unaltered) basalt is at Cigányhegy (otherwise, it is quite close to the Szamárhegy). Similar basalts from other localities have proved to be of Mecsek origin according to the PGAA examinations of J. Füri and Zs- Kasztovszky (Füri et al. in press). The sandstone based on its macro and microscopic feature is come from the Triassic Jakabhegy Sandstone Formation, which is widespread in the Western Mecsek Mts. Moreover, we wanted to study and prove the distribution of phonolite on other prehistoric sites. To evaluate the regional spreading of the stone tools made of locally exploited raw material, we tried to identify them on macroscopic basis among other collections. Up to now, we have information about phonolite, phono-tephrite from the following sources (Table 6, Map 1.). Table 6. Samples investigated by pétrographie microscopy in the second series, supposed to be from Mecsek phonolite Source Inv. Nr. Rock type reference Veszprém county (?) Miháldy collection Gorzsa Gorzsa Zics MFM IX sect. 20 hole MFM X sect, cleaning Somogy county, without inv. nr. phonolite (Szamárhegy type) phonolite (Kövesteto type) tephrite phonolite (Szamárhegy type) Szakmány et al. 2001 (Veszprém). BÍRÓ et al. 2001 BÍRÓ et al. 2001 BIRÓ et al. 2001 Veszprém county, Miháldy collection Phonolite (Szamárhegy type) The macroscopic and microscopic fabric of the sample is very similar to sample to Zengővárkony: JPM N1/1601949. Gorzsa, MFM IX sect., 20

th unit Phonolite (Kövestető type) The macroscopic and microscopic fabric of the sample is very similar to sample to Zengővárkony: JPM N1/1601949. The minor difference is the lack of brown amphibole, and the presence of zigzag ending aegirine laths (Plate IV/1-2.). Gorzsa, MFM X sect, cleaning Tephrite Macroscopically, the tephrite is brown, dark-brown coloured porphyritic rock. The texture is coarsegrained, porphyritic with phenocrysts as: cca. 3-5 mm large dark brown-black amphiboles and pale pink-red plagioclases of the same size. Microscopically, the tephrite has hypidiomorphic panidiomorphic granular texture. The mineral composition is: amphibole, pyroxene, (rarely olivine), feldspar, analcime, biotite, apatite, opaque mineral. The olivine crystal is idiomorphic with a size of 0,5-1 mm. It always turns into calcite and serpentine pseudomorphs. The 0,5-1 mm sized kaersutite is idiomorphic with strong light and dark brown - pleochroism. The amount of pyroxene is smaller than that of kaersutite. Size is about 0,5-1 mm. Pyroxene is often zoned: augite in the core, Ti-augite in the rim (Plate IV/3-4.). Pyroxene has idio-hypidiomorphic shape, often with inclusions. It usually turns to fine-grained amphiboles (uralization). Kaersutite and augite often grow together. Most frequent mineral is the 0,5-1 mm sized, hypidiomorphic-