Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 38 (1993) (Pécs, 1994)

Néprajztudomány - Bálint Zsolt: A moldvai magyar hangszeres népzenei dialektus. II. Stílusok

216 1. táblázat Moldvai hangszeres támplagyujteményem, a kutatás alapjául szolgáló anyag. A betűrendben felsorolt falvak után a dallamok (támlapok) száma. a.) északi csángó dallam: 47 dallam. Gyerjest (4), Halas (3), Jugán (2), Kelgyeszt (1), Kickófalva (1), Ploszkucény (3), Szabófalva (7), Sturza (6), Traján (2), Valén (18). b.) déli csángó dallam: 34 dallam. Bogdánfalva (16), Forrófalva (3), Nagypatak (8), Trunk (4), Újfalu (3). c.) székelyes csángó dallam: 153 dallam. On the basis of the material available (Table I.), the author determinates the different styles of Hungarian instrumental folk music in Moldavia. Three styles are defined and illustrated by musical examples (Examples 1-32). 1. Old style (Examples 1-21) Very complex unit, most probably containing other old, already extinct styles. Thus inside of the corpus style various layers can be distinguished: signals, tunes related to certain customs (New Years' greeting, carnival burying, welcome of spring) and different kinds of lyrical music (balladás with single chodrophon instrumental accompaniment, "sheperd searching his flock"). 2. New style (Examples 22-30) Basically homogenous with strophic and vagabound rhytmed instrumental folk tunes (dance music in a strict sense). 3. Most recent style (Examples 31-32) Containing the most recent tunes which originate from the latest modes (their source or composer can be easily identified; eg. well know pop tunes picked up from the radio) and transformed into the traditional style (eg. strophic, adopting to the best tonal system). Bakó (22), Gajcsána (79), Esztufuj (1), Gajdár (2), Ketris (3), Klézse (5), Külsőrkecsin (4), Lábnyik (7), Lészped (3), Letea (9), Lujzikalugar (19), Lunkán (1), Mardzsinén (2), Onyest (1), Pusztina (9), Rekecsin (2), Somoska (2), Szászkút (1), Újfalu (2). Összesen 234 moldvai csángó dallam. Moldvai román (ortodox) falvakból (községeként nem részletezem): Szucsáva (Észak-Moldva) vidékéről: 132 dallam. Jászvásár-Vászló (Kelet-Moldva) vidékéről: 125 dallam. Bakó (Nyugat-Moldva) vidékéről: 65 dallam. Galac (Dél-Moldva) vidékéről: 2 dallam. Összesen 314 moldvai román dallam. The instrumental folk music of Moldavia demonstrates very well the cyclic cultural history of the region: it preserves a notable amount of European medeival tunes pointing out the significant influence of western culture during the middle ages in this region. This influence came mainly from Saxon and Hungarian immigrants. This is why Enescu found a "Hungarian" taste in the Moldavian instrumental folk music. After the large geopolitical changes of the region in the 17-18th centuriest the Moldavian culture received a very strong Balkan-Anatolian influence. This is the most remarkable character of the Rumanian instrumental folk music which played a most important role in the recent evolution of different type of tunes. The instrumental folk music culture is not determinated by the customs connected to the verbal (mother tongue) traditions but by the international influences coming from the developed cultures. Accordingly the future of the Hungarian instrumental folk music in Moldavia is showing a progress developing under the Balkan-Anatolian influence and slowly becoming homogenic with Rumanian instrumental folk music. The instrumental folk music of the Hungarian ethnic groups ( csángós' ) in Moldavia, Rumania Part II: Styles. Zsolt BÁLINT