Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 37 (1992) (Pécs, 1993)

Természettudományok - Bálint Zsolt: Egy xeromontán boglárlepke: a Plebejus pylaon (Fischer von Wadlheim, 1832) és rokonsági köre (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), III. A csoport filogenetikája és állatföldrajza

64 A xeromontane lycaenid butterfly species: Plebejus pylaon (Fiascher von Waldheim, 1832) and its relatives. Part III. The phylogeny and biogeography of the group. Zsolt BÁLINT The subgenus Plebejides Sauter, 1968 and its taxa was the topic of the present work with the title "A xeromontane lycaenid butterfly species: Plebejus pylaon (Fischer von Waldheim, 1832) and its relatives", consisting of three parts. The first part (A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 35 (1990 [1991]): 33-69.) started with an introduction raising the question in the light of the work of TEILHARD DE CHARDIN (1959): how can we interprète the dynamic progression of a living creature with the static and artifical methods of the taxonomy? In spite of the contradiction originated from systematics, taxonomic works are necessary: the studied phenomenon becomes the focus of the human attention and many new aspects and questions emerge suggesting a deeper reponsability for the enviroment (Part I: 33-34). The taxonomic literature dealing with Plebejides was reviewed and examined. The first title originates from 1832. The whole taxonomic history of the group was commented (Part I: 34-38). The taxonomic relationship of Plebejides was investigated. First the pylaon-group sensu FORSTER (1938a, 1940) was thoroughly studied and discussed. It was established, that the /гу/яол-group sensu Forster is rather heterogeneous and the taxa incorporated as closest relatives of pylaon by Forster (cf. FORSTER 1938a, 1938b, 1940) have closer relationships with other Polyommatus-species groups (Part I: 38-41 and figs 107126). New monotypic genus for Lycaena vogelii Obth., 1920 as Maurus Bálint gen. nov., new subgenus of Polyommatus for Lycaena felicia Obth., 1886 (type species) and Lycaena younghusbandi Elw., 1906), as Patrícius Bálint, subgen. n. were erected (Part I: 39 and 40, respectivelly). The external morphology of the Plebejides-group as well as that of the taxa were thoroughly discussed and grouped into Zoogeographie units according their external morphology. External characters of both sexes and male genitalic structures were described and figured (Part I: 41-65, figs 1-106). Some taxonomic confusions were clarified. Three synonyms were recognised: Plebeius sephyrus microsephyrus Verity, 1935, syn.n. = Plebeius sephirus modicus Verity, 1935 (Part I: 51), Plebejus usbekus (Forster, 1939, syn. n. = Lycaena zephyrinus Christoph, 1884 (Part I: 57). Plebeius pylaon iranicolus Koçak, 1980, syn. n. = Plebeius pylaon iranica Forster, 1939 (Part I: 57). A new subspecies of Plebejus sephirus was discovered and described from the Transcaucasian region under the name "Plebejus (Plebejides) sephirus semiturcmenicus Bálint, spp. п.", type locality: Armenia, near Yerevan: Vedi. (Part I: 51, figs 51-52, 146; Part II: figs 156-159). The second part deals with the ecology and the conservation of the whole group (Part II: A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 36 (1991 [1992]): 37-48.). The early stages of Plebejides are characterized and the knowledges about the ecology of the caterpillars (eg. antassociations) are summarized (Part II: 37-40). Data concerning larval foodplants of the Plebejides are commented. Similar evolutional phenomenon and comparable progression of the distribution patterns of the Plebejides on one hand, and the Caprinus, genus Astragalus (Fabaceae) on the other hand, are noted (Part II: 40-43). The ecology of the Plebejides imagines are reviewed, accompagnying Lycaenidae species are listed. New data concerning larval hosts and imaginai ecology are also included (Part II: 44-46). Conservation of Plebejides taxa are discussed, presence of Plebejides species in important National Parks and Nature Reserves are also listed (Part II: 40, Table 1). The third part contains phylogenetic and biogeographic considerations. The monophyletic origin of the group was confirmed by the morphology and as well as by the ecology of the Plebejides taxa. The phylogenetic relationship and the evolution of the whole group was analysed by cladistic methods and the biogeographic history of the subgenus was interpreted with the help of the cladogram derivated (Part III: Fig. 171.). The systematic positions of the taxa insolved were analysed by two methods (Part III.: Tables 2-3). As closing remark, the possibility of the coelescense of the Plebejides phyletic branches in the eastern Mediterranean region was pointed out (Part III: Fig. 173). Hungarian names for Plebejides species were also suggested (Part III: Table 4).