Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 36 (1991) (Pécs, 1992)

Természettudományok - Uherkovich, Ákos–Nógrádi, Sára: The Trichoptera fauna of Magyarszombatfa, West Hungary

TRICHOPTERAOFMAGYARSZOMBATFA 25 streams are in immediate danger, because of the regulation and canalizing. 3. Pollution. As a consequence of huge quantity of used artifical fertilizer and detergents almost all watercourses became rather polluted in the past one or two decades. The fauna of larger rivers (e. g. Danube) became poor decades ago because of the communal and industrial outlet waters. In the last decade much artifical fertilizer get into the small streams through new drain pipe systems of plough-lands. Almost all streams of low hilly regions and lowlands are polluted by this way, the aquatic fauna has been reduced to poverty. *** Summing up what has been written authors can say that the life of several species is in immediate danger at Magyarszombatfa (and in Hungary, also). The most threatened species are Limnephilus elegáns Curt., Platyphylax frauenfeldi Brau., Oligotrichia striata L., Polycentropus irroratus Curt., Setodes viridis Fourcr., Oecetis testacae Curt, and Hydroptila tineoides Dalmann. Their final biotop or one of the last ones is Magyarszombatfa and till recent days some of them have become extinct in Hungary. Several other species having more localities in Hungary, are also endangered. These still have several biotops in Hungary, but the number of their sites grow less. These species are characteristic of small, non-polluted streams. Some of them are as it follow: Glossosoma conformis Neb., Agapetus delicatulus McL., Ithytrichia lamellaris Eaton, Allotrichia pallicornis Eaton, Hydroptila occulta Eaton, Phacopteryx brevipennis Curt., Lepidostoma hirtum Fabr., Athripsodes bilineatus L. etc. The species having wide ecological range, still are not in danger nowadays. Some of them occur either in streams and rivers (e. g. Hydropsyche species, Goera pilosa Fabr., Halesus tesselatus Ramb., Potamophylax rotundipennis Brau., Ceraclea dissimilis Steph.) or in lakes and fishponds (several leptocerids, limnephilids and phryganeids, Orthotrichia costalis Curt, 0. tragetti Mos., etc.). The new fish and anglers' ponds render the becoming inhabited possibile for several species characteristic of stagnant waters. Thus these are not in danger of extinction. Our experience is that this trend is true for the entire area of Hungary. Small mountain brooks keep their original, natural condition, with their entire, natural, stable caddisfly fauna (e. g. Kőszeg Mountains, Stream „Hármas-patak": see Nógrádi—

Uherkovich 1989). All of other waters have changed, poor fauna and the trend of impoverishment will continue in the future very fastly. Acknowledgements The authors express their sincere thanks to t Ernő Horváth and to Savaria Museum, Szombathely for their financial help of these examinations and to Mrs. Irén Tápler for the very conscience handling of the light trap at Magyarszombatfa.