Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 22 (1977) (Pécs, 1978)

Régészet - Ecsedy István: Excavations at Lánycsók in 1976 (Preliminary Report)

EXCAVATIONS AT LÁNYCSÓK IN 1976 (PRELIMINARY REPORT) ISTVÁN ECSEDY The spot of the excavations conducted in 1976 at Lánycsók (Baranya county. Mohács district) is on a small plateau west from the village. The area is called Egettmalom (Burnt mill) by the local villagers. The site is surrounded from west and south by the curve of a creek. From the plateau can be seen the plain of the Danube by Mohács looking towards southeast over the valley of the creek. West, southwest and north from the site there are hills. The Egettmalom was one of the most suitable places for settlers, being as défendable as a peninsula. Beside the northwestern slope of the site there is a reservoir formed by the widening of the creek in 1973. In the course of constructing the earthwork for the reservoir a wide trench of West-East direction was dug through the highest part of the plateau. The earth was built into the dam. Several finds were collected by the rescue-excavation of K. Kővári and M. Fekete, however the great part of the site was totally destroyed and annihilated. The finds have been brought to the Janus Pannonius Museum, Pécs. Assorting the material we have recognized the finds of the Starcevo culture, the Lengyel culture, the Lasinja-Balaton group, the Early Bronze Age (Somogyvár—Vinkovci culture, the Urn-field culture and the Roman Age. The excavators saved some typical avarian vessels too, after the graves had been destroyed. The most part of the Lengyel graves were also destroyed. The observations made in the course of earthwork, 19731

1 Inhumations : Graves 1. and 2.: Remains of destroyed graves found in a depht of 0,40—0,50 m. Only some human bones without traces of grave furniture. 1 Excavation report of M. Fekete and K. Kővári in the Archívum of the Hungarian National Museum. The rescue-excavation was organized by Valéria Kováts. I am indebted to her and the excavators for the permission their excavation-material. Graves 3. and 4.: Disturbed graves of Lengyel culture.

2 The graves were found in the southern wall of the trench dug by the scrapers. Settlement remains: House „A": Remain of a house with plastered floor. It came to light from the northern wall of the trench. Finds: Some sherds of the Incrusted Pottery culture (Middle Bronze Age). Pit „a": Small pit, slightly widening towards the bottom. It appeared in the northern wall of the trench. It contained nothing but some animal bones and sherds of the Urn-field Culture (Late Bronze Age). Pit „b": In the northern wall of the trench. It contained a considerable amount of sherds. There were some layers of ash in the pit. The sherds represent the Somogyvár—Vinkovci culture (Early Bronze Age)

. Pit „c": In the northern wall of the trench. Only a small part of the pit was excavated. It contained a few Late La Téne sherds and bones of a dog. Pit „d" : In the nothern wall of the trench. Only the 0,15—0,20 m lower part was traceable in the virgine soil. Finds: fragments from the vessels of the Kisapostag culture (Early Bronze Age). Pit „e": It was found near the central part of the site. The most part of the pit has been destroyed. It's patch was noticeable in a depth of 0,80—0,90 m. It's shape was round, 1.10 m in diameter. Apart from a few animal bones it contained only small sherds of Early Bronze Age character. The finds of the Starcevo and Lengyel cultures have been collected on the surface of the site. The most part of them was excavated by the scraper which disturbed the graves and the pits. It is very likely that not only neolithic and avarian graves were destroyed but Copper Age inhumations as 2 The neolithic finds are shown in N. Kalicz's article in this same volume. Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve (1977) 22, p. 119—135. Pécs (Hungária), 1978.