Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 17-18 (1972-1973) (Pécs, 1975)

Helytörténet - Gerő, Győző: Hódoltságkori kutatások Baranyában. Újabb adatok a magyarországi dzsámiépítészet történetéhez

114 GERŐ GYŐZŐ the oustside architecture of the buildings suffered little if any change at all. Somewhat later, however, the Turks embarked on the construction of new djamis in a genuinely Ottoman style and the appearance of these significantly transformed the general view of medieval towns, especially where the basic character of the townscape was determined by the newly built Turkish constructions. There are two types of genuine Turkish djamis. The first type has only one single representative in Hungary: the rectangle-plan djami of Sultan Suleyman at Szigetvár. Attached to the djami, there is an L-shape vestibule, with its kybla wall including another mihrab. The minaret is at the right corner of the djami. Except for the vestibule, its ground-plan shows similarities with the Careva Djami of Foca. The other, and on Turkish-occupied Hungarian territories most widely spread type is the squareplan djami on an octogonal groundplane and covered with a hemispherical cupol. There is a vestibule attached to its main front and its minaret is always to the right from the entrance. This second type is represeted by the Gasi Kasim, Jakovaly Hassan and Ferhat Pasha Djamis in the town of Pécs, the Ali Pasha Djami in Szigetvár and the Malkoc Bey Djami in Siklós. Within the second type, too, there are of course a number of individual characteristics, especially concerning the place of the minarets or the details in the shaping of vestibules. The minaret of the Gasi Kasim Pasha Djami in Pécs for example has been attached to the vestibule, while with the AH Pasha Djami of Szigetvár, the minaret is placed in front of the third vault of the vestibule. On the side of the minaret, the vestibule of the latter was closed with a wall broken up with niches and window apertures, while the vestibule of the Kasim Pasha Djami was open on all three sides. There are some differences in the interior designs as well: while the Ali Pasha and Suleyman Djamis of Szigetvár as well an the Malkoc Bey Djami of Siklós are complete with niches — in the most varied forms in the Malkoc Bey Djami — no sign of niches can be found with the djamis of Pécs. From the point of view of our study, the main importance lies for us in these genuinely Turkish constructions, for, in addition to an identity of ground-plans, there are similarities and in some cases total identities of form with the djamis of all Jugoslavia and to some extent other Balcanic territories in the shaping of certain parts and decorative details. For instance, side-mihrabs in the vestibules can also be found in the Ferhat Pasha Djami of Bania-Luca and the Banjabashi Djami of Sofia. Or, the Ahmed Bey Djami of Küstendil built in 1571, has the same guttiform windows as the Suleyman Djami of Szigetvár. The parapet stone remnant of our single existing number — pulpit — has exactly the same pattern of decoration as the minber of the Aladja Djami of Foca, while partial identities and similarities can also be observed with the mimber decoration in the Shishman Ibrahim Djami of Pociteli. The carved decoration on the mimber in the Fethijje Djami of Buda, constructed in 1596, is almost an exact copy of the mimber in the Aladja Djami, built in 1550 on an order by defterdár Hassan of Buda. The entrance to the Jakovaly Hassan Pasha Djami in Pécs shows a great degree of identity with the entrance to the Shishman Ibrahim Djami of Pociteli. At the same time, the „baklavali" capitel from the vestibule of the Ferhat Pasha Djami in Pécs can also be found in the vestibule of the djami built on an order by the same pasha in Bania-Luca in 1579. The Malkoc Bey Djami in Siklós has a minaret with the same pentagonal ground-plan as the AH Pasha Djami in Sarajevo that the one-time pasha of Buda, Hadim AH had had built. At the same time, its cupole on a double foundation reveals an identity with the Sinan Pasha Djami in Prizren that was built on an order by another pasha of Buda, Sufi Sinan. What has been seid so far — primarily including our comparison of stylistic criteria — indicates that it is not without interest to examine the relationship between the leading personalities of the Turkish-occupied areas in Hungary and the vilajet in Bosnia, thus tryng to find the common founders of djamis in the region concerned. Commissioners of the Gazi Kasim Pasha Djami in Pécs included sandjak-beys of Eszék, Mohács, between 1543—48 of Pécs and consequently two pashas of Buda. The Kasim Pasha Djami of Eszék was constructed during the same period. The founder of the Ferhat Pasha Djami of Pécs had the djami carrying his name built in Bania-Luca in 1579, while he himself was a pasha of Bosnia between 1584—1588, and pasha of Buda until his assessination in 1590. Being an offspring of the Bosnian Sokollu — Sokolovic family, he was a relative of the Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmet and Mustafa Pasha of Buda. The already mentioned Sinan Djamis of Prizren and Cainica were founded by Sufi Sinan who was a pasha of Buda on two occasions. The „Begluk" Djami of Livno was built on an order by Lala Mohammed, twice pasha of Buda, and the Karadjoz Bey Djami of Mostar was founded by Hadji Mehmet, previously pasha of Bosnia and later of Buda. As illustrated by the above examples, there is an extremely close relationship between some Jugoslavian — and especially Bosnian

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