Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 14-15 (1969-70) (Pécs, 1974)

Régészet - K. Zoffmann, Zs.: Anthropological Analysis of the Cemetery at Zengővárkony and the Neolithical Lengyel Culture in SW-Hungary

56 ZS. К. ZOFFMANN XL) ; grave 345 : the distal ends of the both ulnae and of both radii are atrophied and greatly deformed (Table XI.) — from the preserved anthropological material of this grave all the metacarpal bones as well as the bones of the; hands are missing and no mention of them is made in J. BOMBAY'S (1960) description. The study of the teeth of the material from Zengővárkony (attrition, caries) were made by L. KOLLÁR (1948, I960), GY. HUSZÁR—D. SCHRANZ (1962) and G Y REGÖLY—MÉREI (1962). The proportional distribution between the two sexes of the frequent tooth crowding and subsequent tooth rotation as far as I could establish it, is shown on Table 6. Taxonomic Analysis The broad variety of the morphologic and metric characteristics together with the sigma ratio of the more important measurements, calculated on the basis of the mean sigma by ALEKSEEV—DEBEC (1964) point to the heterogenity of the series. In our material dolichocrania dominates in both sexes, although two male and one female skull (99, 355, and 88a) show brachycrania. The two male skulls are brachy- hypsi- tapeinocranial both are aristencranial, with metrio- i.e. stenometope foreheads. It is impossible to establish the shape and proportions of the facial skeletons; according to the orbital and nasal indexes the skull 99 is chamaeconch i.e. chamaerrhin. The postranial skeleton belonging to this skull was not preserved and as the long bones of the skeleton 355 are too brittle, the stature could not be determined in neither case. — The female skull is brachy- hypsi- metriocranial, hyperaristencramal, stenometope. From the fragments of the facial skeleton only the hypsiconch orbit could be reconstructed. The estimated stature is medium, medium-tall. Excepted the transition cases, the dolichocranial skulls from the series form two groups. In the first group the form of the brain case is characterised by a lambdoid flattening in norma lateralis, while in the second the circumference of the brain case is much steeper and more evenly arched. The skulls of the first group are euencranial, their facial skeletons are narrow, the orbits broad and high, the mandible relatively narrow. This group may be identified with the Mediterranean taxon (LIPTÁK 1962, CHOCHOL 1964). The dolichocranial skulls belonging to the second group are aristencranial, the iacial skeletons are broader, the orbits are narrower and low, the mandible broader. The characteristics of this group correspond with the Cromagnon taxon (LIPTÁK 1962, CHOCHOL Figure 2. 1964). There is no significant difference between the established stature of the Mediterranean and the Cromagnon group. On account of the already mentioned brittleness of the skulls I could adopt SCHWIDETZKY's method for differentiating the groups and to prove thus my taxonomic analysis only in the case of few skulls and with even less measurements. The ten relatively well preserved male skulls I used are the follows: 5, 57, 84, 91, 99, 120, 238, 272, 338 and 355. From the measurements I used the maximum cranial length (1), the maximum cranial breadth (8), the porion-bregma height (20), the horizontal circumference (23), the transverse arc (24), the bregma-lambda arc (27), the bregma-lambda chord (30) and the upper facial breadth (43). Although some particularly important indexes — as the face and orbital indexes — had to be omitted, Figure 2 shows in spite of the small number of cases that the dolichocranial groups which are identified as Mediterranean and Cro~ magnón groups, may be differentiated from each other and from the brachycranial type, but proves also a partial intermingling of the types.

4 As the three typee could be identified with certainly only a very few skulls due to the deficiency of our material, it was impossible to establish their proportional distribution and the degree of intermingling between the types. 4 The frequent occurrence of suture bones, i. e. Inka-bones, as well as of tooth crowding suggests the same intermingling (Table 6). Both anatomic variations point to an intermingling of a leptomorph and of an eurymorph type.