Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve 13 (1968) (Pécs, 1971)

Régészet - K. Zoffmann, Zs.: An Anthropological Study of the Neolithic Cemetery at Villánykövesd (Lengyel Culture), Hungary

ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY 27 tura piriformis — anthropine; spina nasalis anterior — Broca 2. Position of facies malaris — temporal, fossa canina medium deep. Bony palate high — leptostaphyline. Mandible narrow; a moderate alveolar prognathism is observable. Dentition: No caries; some paradontosis present in both upper and lower jaws. Abrasion III. Pathology: The pelvis of the skeleton is very narrow, the sacrum more arcuate than the average female sacrum. According to DOMBAY's observation, the bones of the infant were partially still within the pelvis of the female skeleton (DOMBAY 1959, 63). In all probability therefore the buried individual had a pelvic stricture, causing her death during delivery (REGÖLY—

MËREI I960, 76—77). — In the lumbar section of the spinal column the vertebrae IV and V are in fusion; since the other vertebrae show no pathological deformation, this fusion in probably congenital (REGÖLY—MÉREI I960, 76, Plate V, fig. 21. Plate VI. fig. 24.). Grave 12. (Inv. No. 58.9) — Inf. II. 12—13 years Age determination is based on the dental formula (see Table 1) and the state of ossification of the skeletal bones. The ossification of the acetabulum had begun, and was already in process on the distal epiphysis of the humerus and the proximal epiphysis of the femur. There is no ossification yet of the trochanter maior femoris. Grave 13. (Inv. No. 58.108) — Male 49—58 years (Plate II.) Brain-case: In norma verticalis — elongated pentagonoid, in norma occipitalis — houseshaped. In norma lateralis the forehead low and steep, vertex flatly and elongately arcuate, curvoccipital with a slight lambdoid flatness. Skull long, medium wide — dolichocranial, high — on the border of ortho — and hypsicrany, acrocranial. By the auricular height — orthocranial, metrio-acrocranial. Forehead low and narrow, — metrio-metopic. — Pterion H-shaped. Right side of lambdoid suture with three medium-sized suturai bones, left side with smaller sutural bonelets. Facial skeleton: High, narrow — medium narrow, — leptoprosopic, mesen. Orbita wide and low — chamaeconch. Apertúra piriformis wide, medium high —• meso-chamaerrhin. Nasal root medium wide; shape of nasal ridge concavoconvex. Lower margin of apertúra piriformis — anthropine; spina nasalis anterior — Broca 1. Position of facies malaris — temporal; fossa canina medium deep. Bony palate very high — leptostaphyline; upper dental arc asymmetrically trapezoidal. Mandible narrow; mentum medial. Alveolar prognathism expressed. Dentition: Owing to the asymmetry of the upper dental arc, the teeth are sparsely spaced on the right side, but crowded on the left, respectively the teeth II, 12 and С are there in rotation (Fig. 2.). The same phenomenon is observable also at the lower jaw: the right FMI, left II, С and PM1 are in rotation, while the left canine is impacted (Fig. 3.). Some more or less large caries are on distal side of upper right PM2 amd Ml, mesially on upper right M2 (here also a small-grade abscessus cavity at radical apex on labial side), on the inverted sides of upper left M2 and M3, as well as mesially on lower left PM2 and distally on lower left Ml. Caries occur invariably on neck of teeth. Abrasion III. Pathology: The skull is strongly plagiocephalic; the also metrically demonstrable asymmetry appears also on the facial skeleton. The dextral enlargement of the brain-case and the facial skeleton is indicated by the suturai bones in the right side of the lambdoid suture, the irregularly shaped foramen magnum and dental arcs, as well as the crowding of teeth on the left side of both the upper and lower rows. Grave 14. (Inv. No. 58.11) — Inf. II. 10—10.5 years. See Table 1. — The right upper canine is impacted, the right and left lower PM2 are in rotation. Grave 15. (Inv. No. 58.12) — Inf. II. 8.5 years. See Table. 1. Grave 16. (Inv. No. 58.13) — Inf. I. 3 years. See Table. 1. Grave 17. (Inv. No. 58.14) — Male, 23—30 years. Before the excavation the skeletal bones have been ploughed out, and only the very badly preserved skull could be saved. Only the fragmentary frontal and temporal bones and some fragments of the facial skeleton remained. The abrasion of the teeth also been considered in the determination of age. Brain-case: Shape indeterminable owing to its fragmentary state. Forehead low, narrow, steep. Facial skeleton: Shape also indeterminable. Orbita — hypsiconch; apertúra piriformis medium wide; nasal root comparatively low, wide. Shape of nasal ridge, position of facies malaris. depth of fossa canina are indeterminable. Lower margin of apertúra piriformis — anthropine; spina nasalis anterior broken. Bony palate medium deep; upper dental arc slightly convergent. Dentition: Abrasion of saved molars I. Pathology : The cranial bones show no pathological deformations.