Dénes Andrea szerk.: Ehető vadnövények a Kárpát-medencében (Dunántúli Dolgozatok (A) Természettudományi sorozat 13. Pécs, 2013)
Varga Anna & Molnár Zsolt: Ehető vadgyümölcsök és gombák gyűjtése egy bakonyi fáslegelőn
102 Dunántúli Dolgozatok (A) Természettudományi Sorozat 13. (2013) Edible wild fruits and mushrooms on a wood-pasture in Bakony Anna Varga & Zsolt Molnár Traditional agroforestry systems such as wood-pastures, have been a widespread land-use type in all Europe for thousands of years. Today the claim for healthy and organic food shows a growing tendency. The agroforestry systems, which are based on the traditional land-use, could be a promising solution to this issue. In order to facilitate this, the traditional knowledge of the agroforestry systems is an essential starting point. Wood-pastures are consciously created and maintained by grazing livestock and human pastureland management. The wood-pastures were once widespread in Hungary, but today the total area covered by this type of habitat hardly reaches 5500 hectars. Today in Hungary nearly all of the wood-pastures are abandoned, leading to major traditional knowledge and biodiversity loss. The aim of our work is to get to know what type of wildfruits and mushrooms were gathered on a wood-pasture in the Bakony. The main woodland habitat types of this area are: beech, oak-hombeam and termophilous oak woodland. We made semi-structered interviews with herders and farmers in the village of Olaszfalu, Veszprém county. The former pasture of the village can be classified to the wood-pasture category. The territory of the village’s pastureland was separated form the forests of the Abbey of Zirc based on the method of usage and also legally in 1862. From that time on the cattle and swine herds grazed the pasture. Giving up the traditional usage of the pasture started in the 1950s. As a result of this abandonment a closed woodland can be find on the former village’s pastureland, instead of a parkland which is the main characteristic feature of the wood-pastures. Pyrus pyraster, Malus silvestris, Prunus avium, Marasmius oreades, Calocybe gambosa, Agaricus campestris were gathered at the common wood-pasture of Olaszfalu. The most common and known wild fruit was the wild pear. It was dried and used for spirit (pálinka) making. The listed mushroom species disappeared significantly due to the lack of livestock manure and open habitat. As a result of wood-pasture abandonment, they did also abandon gathering and using wild-fruits. Therefore in the course of nature conservation and economic evaluation of agroforestry systems, wild fruits and fungi should also be taken into consideration.
