Dr. Bándi Gábor: A Dél-Dunántúli mészbetétes edények népe kultúrájának elterjedése és eredete (Dunántúli Dolgozatok 4. A Pécsi Janus Pannonius Múzeum Kiadványai 4. Pécs, 1967)
Összefoglalás
ted ware of North-Western Transdanubia, nay to the even farther objects of the GuntramsdorfDrassburg group, belonging to the circle of corded ware. Judged by the excavations of the Szentlőrinc and Haromfa settlements, there to be an essential divergence in the forms of settlement and thus the ways of life between our group and the earlier Zók culture on one hand, and the most probably younger Southern Transdanubian culture of incrusted pottery on the orther. These facts not only suggest the existence of a population with marked boundaries, self-standing settlements and cemeteries in Southern Transdanubia but they also prove the probability of this phenomenon in many ways. They do not represent a new Transdanubian culture, nor do they form a hitherto unknown group in the framework of the incrusted pottery people. This characteristic archaeological material, known by authentic finds in our day, is colsely related to the North-Western connections observed long ago in Southern Transdanubia. In our judgment this population, self-standing at an early date, helps us in reconstructing the origin of the Southern Transdanubian group of the incrusted pottery folk and, through their medium, the process of the evolution and development of the whole culture in space and time, in a manner more convincing than the views expressed hitherto. Dealing with the origin and inner chronology of the culture, we have to lay the foundations of further analysis by stating the following theses : a) We regard the culture, embracing the entire Transdanubia, as a unity, representing a certain ethnical element in a considerable portion of its existence, irrespective of the factors of its evolution. b) In a certain phase of its existence the population, extending to various areas, may be divided into several ethnical groups, owing to its composition, the autochthonous inhabitants, the given geographical situation and its economic and social structure. c) In view of the unity of the culture, one is bound to deal with problem of origin as a historical process, the events and consequences of which (i. e. the general view of the developped culture) were influenced by the existing local factors in the second place only. Led by these considerations, we endeavour to solve the origin of the incrusted pottery people and its culture on the basis of the early archaeological material, separable all over Transdanubia. The evolution of this population, living in the houses of joint families and producing incrusted ware with a corded technique, may be fixed, as regards the Carpathian Basin, to the period of the Early Bronze Age and to the area of Burgenland and North-Western Transdanubia. In these territories we call this archaeological material by the name of the Guntramsdorf —Drassburg group or by the more compreherslve definition of the Litzenkeramik culture. One may observe the self-standing expansion of the Litzenkeramik culture in Western Transdanubia in the first plance. The uncovered archaeological material may be attached to the culture of the Burgenland region very closely, a culture extended on the slopes of the Alps as far as Croatia and Slavonia. As the immigrant Litzenkeramik culture gained ground, it has met a Zók basic population; the trend of further development was defined by the coexistence of these two cultures in the named area. The early sites of the incrusted pottery folk, resulting from this process, are found in a uniform manner all over Transdanubia, with the proviso of an expansion from the North-West to the South-East. In this period of the culture the area of the entire culture possessed an identical character, both as regards the economic and social structure, nay essentially also the material culture as yet. So this early phase of the culture does not justify the division of ethnical groups, labelled as Northern and Southern Transdanubian. Consequently this period may be called the culture of the unitary Transdanubian incrusted potteny folk. The presence of the autochthonous population led to regular changes in the picture of the unitary early period in time, as it is only natural. We refrain from following the special local line of development of the Western Transdanubian areas further, since it could not be effected without a detailed analysis of the material found in that territory. Probably the amalgamation of the Zók autochthonous population and the new people, self-standing for a while, was effected there too, leading to the evolution of the so-called Northern Transdanubian (Veszprém—Esztergom) group in the framework of the whole culture. In the course of the Middle Bronze Age the fate and further development of the Zók population, living in Southern Transdanubia, and the immigrant early incrusted ware culture were affected by several factors. First of all, one may observe a process of amalgamation of both populations, naturally resulting in the general extension of the ways of life and settlement of the Zók culture after a while, since the autochthonous people have represented more developped economic and social conditions. In the younger phase this change is
